Related papers: What's math got to do with patterns in fish?
Banking fraud causes billion-dollar losses for banks worldwide. In fraud detection, graphs help understand complex transaction patterns and discovering new fraud schemes. This work explores graph patterns in a real-world transaction dataset…
Chemotactic bacteria have been observed to congregate into highly regular patterns. When the bacteria are placed in the center of a dish, a wave of bacteria can travel outward, leaving a regular pattern of spots or stripes in its wake.…
It has been known for years how random height variations of a repeated nano-scale structure can give rise to smooth angular color variations instead of the well-known diffraction pattern experienced if no randomization is present. However,…
The surface of metal, glass and plastic objects is often characterized by microscopic scratches caused by manufacturing and/or wear. A closer look onto such scratches reveals iridescent colors with a complex dependency on viewing and…
A ubiquitous motif in nature is the self-similar hierarchical buckling of a thin lamina near its margins. This is seen in leaves, flowers, fungi, corals, and marine invertebrates. We investigate this morphology from the perspective of…
Mathematical models come in many forms across biological applications. In the case of complex, spatial dynamics and pattern formation, stochastic models also face two main challenges: pattern data is largely qualitative, and model…
This note reviews our mathematical models for fish schooling, considered in free space, and in space with obstacle and food resource. These models are performed by stochastic differential equations or stochastic partial differential…
In physics, timbre is a complex phenomenon, like color. Musical timbres are given by the superposition of sinusoidal signals, corresponding to longitudinal acoustic waves. Colors are produced by the superposition of transverse…
We look at geometrical and arithmetical patterns created from a finite subset of Z^n by diffracting waves and bipartite graphs. We hope that this can make a link between Motives and the Melting Crystals/Dimer models in String Theory.
This essay reviews human observer-based methods employed in shark spotting in Muizenberg Beach. It investigates Machine Learning methods for automated shark detection with the aim of enhancing human observation. A questionnaire and…
Cracks in thin layers are influenced by what lies beneath them. From buried craters to crocodile skin, crack patterns are found over an enormous range of length scales. Regardless of absolute size, their substrates can dramatically…
This paper discusses in layperson's terms human and computational studies of the impact of threat and fear on exploration and creativity. A first study showed that both killifish from a lake with predators and from a lake without predators…
We consider the patterns formed by small rod-like objects advected by a random flow in two dimensions. An exact solution indicates that their direction field is non-singular. However, we find from simulations that the direction field of the…
Unexpectedly distinct patterns in evaporation were observed over heated water. Although the patterns had chaotic aspects, they often showed geometric patterns. These patterns bore strong resemblance to the infrared emission patterns…
We study the complexity of the problem of searching for a set of patterns that separate two given sets of strings. This problem has applications in a wide variety of areas, most notably in data mining, computational biology, and in…
We examine the stability of the "coast" motion of fish, that is to say, the motion of a neutrally buoyant fish at constant speed in a straight line. The forces and moments acting on the fish body are thus perfectly balanced. The fish motion…
Machine learning techniques play an important role in analyzing spectral data. The spectral data of fish biomass is useful in fish production, as it carries many important chemistry properties of fish meat. However, it is challenging for…
In this paper, we will study the following pattern recognition problem: Every pattern is a 3-dimensional graph, its surface can be split up into some regions, every region is composed of the pixels with the approximately same colour value…
Understanding active electrolocation in weakly electric fish remains a challenging issue. In this article we propose a mathematical formulation of this problem, in terms of partial differential equations. This allows us to detail two…
Behavior analysis of animals involves the observation of intraspecific and interspecific interactions among various organisms in the environment. Collective behavior such as herding in farm animals, flocking of birds, and shoaling and…