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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data during training to learn better models. Previous studies on SSL for medical image segmentation focused mostly on improving model generalization to unseen data. In some applications,…

Medical image segmentation is a fundamental and critical step in many clinical approaches. Semi-supervised learning has been widely applied to medical image segmentation tasks since it alleviates the heavy burden of acquiring…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-29 Yichi Zhang , Rushi Jiao , Qingcheng Liao , Dongyang Li , Jicong Zhang

Obtaining pixel-level annotations in the medical domain is both expensive and time-consuming, often requiring close collaboration between clinical experts and developers. Semi-supervised medical image segmentation aims to leverage limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lin Xi , Yingliang Ma , Cheng Wang , Sandra Howell , Aldo Rinaldi , Kawal S. Rhode

Medical image segmentation is a critical step in computer-aided diagnosis, and convolutional neural networks are popular segmentation networks nowadays. However, the inherent local operation characteristics make it difficult to focus on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Fenghe Tang , Jianrui Ding , Lingtao Wang , Min Xian , Chunping Ning

Supervised deep learning-based methods yield accurate results for medical image segmentation. However, they require large labeled datasets for this, and obtaining them is a laborious task that requires clinical expertise.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Krishna Chaitanya , Ertunc Erdil , Neerav Karani , Ender Konukoglu

Deep learning-based medical image segmentation typically requires large amount of labeled data for training, making it less applicable in clinical settings due to high annotation cost. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Yichi Zhang , Bohao Lv , Le Xue , Wenbo Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Yu Fu , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is important for reducing the annotation cost for medical image segmentation models. State-of-the-art SSL methods such as Mean Teacher, FixMatch and Cross Pseudo Supervision (CPS) are mainly based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Weiren Zhao , Lanfeng Zhong , Xin Liao , Wenjun Liao , Sichuan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Guotai Wang

This paper concerns pseudo labelling in segmentation. Our contribution is fourfold. Firstly, we present a new formulation of pseudo-labelling as an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for clear statistical interpretation. Secondly, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Mou-Cheng Xu , Yukun Zhou , Chen Jin , Marius de Groot , Daniel C. Alexander , Neil P. Oxtoby , Yipeng Hu , Joseph Jacob

Models capable of leveraging unlabelled data are crucial in overcoming large distribution gaps between the acquired datasets across different imaging devices and configurations. In this regard, self-training techniques based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Negin Ghamsarian , Javier Gamazo Tejero , Pablo Márquez Neila , Sebastian Wolf , Martin Zinkernagel , Klaus Schoeffmann , Raphael Sznitman

Improving a semi-supervised image segmentation task has the option of adding more unlabelled images, labelling the unlabelled images or combining both, as neither image acquisition nor expert labelling can be considered trivial in most…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-23 Yunguan Fu , Maria R. Robu , Bongjin Koo , Crispin Schneider , Stijn van Laarhoven , Danail Stoyanov , Brian Davidson , Matthew J. Clarkson , Yipeng Hu

This paper explores the transfer of knowledge from general vision models pretrained on 2D natural images to improve 3D medical image segmentation. We focus on the semi-supervised setting, where only a few labeled 3D medical images are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Pak-Hei Yeung , Jayroop Ramesh , Pengfei Lyu , Ana Namburete , Jagath Rajapakse

Deep learning demands a huge amount of well-labeled data to train the network parameters. How to use the least amount of labeled data to obtain the desired classification accuracy is of great practical significance, because for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Xiao Han , Zihao Wang , Enmei Tu , Gunnam Suryanarayana , Jie Yang

Semi-supervised learning has attracted much attention in medical image segmentation due to challenges in acquiring pixel-wise image annotations, which is a crucial step for building high-performance deep learning methods. Most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Shuailin Li , Chuyu Zhang , Xuming He

Recently, machine learning-based semantic segmentation algorithms have demonstrated their potential to accurately segment regions and contours in medical images, allowing the precise location of anatomical structures and abnormalities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yifei Wang , Chuhong Zhu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods, which can leverage a large amount of unlabeled data for improved performance, has attracted increasing attention recently. In this paper, we introduce a novel Context-aware Conditional Cross Pseudo…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Peng Liu , Guoyan Zheng

Deep learning has demonstrated significant improvements in medical image segmentation using a sufficiently large amount of training data with manual labels. Acquiring well-representative labels requires expert knowledge and exhaustive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Jinxi Xiang , Zhuowei Li , Wenji Wang , Qing Xia , Shaoting Zhang

Semi-supervised learning, i.e. jointly learning from labeled and unlabeled samples, is an active research topic due to its key role on relaxing human supervision. In the context of image classification, recent advances to learn from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Eric Arazo , Diego Ortego , Paul Albert , Noel E. O'Connor , Kevin McGuinness

3D medical image segmentation is a challenging task with crucial implications for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Recent advances in deep learning have significantly enhanced fully supervised medical image segmentation. However,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Runmin Jiang , Zhaoxin Fan , Junhao Wu , Lenghan Zhu , Xin Huang , Tianyang Wang , Heng Huang , Min Xu

Semi-supervised learning addresses the issue of limited annotations in medical images effectively, but its performance is often inadequate for complex backgrounds and challenging tasks. Multi-modal fusion methods can significantly improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Dongdong Meng , Sheng Li , Hao Wu , Guoping Wang , Xueqing Yan

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to generalize a model trained on multiple source domains to an unseen target domain. The source domains always require precise annotations, which can be cumbersome or even infeasible to obtain in practice due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Luojun Lin , Han Xie , Zhishu Sun , Weijie Chen , Wenxi Liu , Yuanlong Yu , Lei Zhang