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We employ model pruning to examine how LLMs conceptualize racial biases, and whether a generalizable mitigation strategy for such biases appears feasible. Our analysis yields several novel insights. We find that pruning can be an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Sibo Ma , Alejandro Salinas , Peter Henderson , Julian Nyarko

Low-rank approximation techniques have become the de facto standard for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their reduced computational and memory requirements. This paper investigates the effectiveness of these methods in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Saswat Das , Marco Romanelli , Cuong Tran , Zarreen Reza , Bhavya Kailkhura , Ferdinando Fioretto

Recent studies on compression of pretrained language models (e.g., BERT) usually use preserved accuracy as the metric for evaluation. In this paper, we propose two new metrics, label loyalty and probability loyalty that measure how closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Canwen Xu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Tao Ge , Ke Xu , Julian McAuley , Furu Wei

Over the last century, deep learning models have become the state-of-the-art for solving complex computer vision problems. These modern computer vision models have millions of parameters, which presents two major challenges: (1) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Florian Merkle , David Weber , Pascal Schöttle , Stephan Schlögl , Martin Nocker

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown satisfying performance on various graph learning tasks. To achieve better fitting capability, most GNNs are with a large number of parameters, which makes these GNNs computationally expensive.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Yushun Dong , Binchi Zhang , Yiling Yuan , Na Zou , Qi Wang , Jundong Li

We introduce compression laws for language language models (LLMs). While recent scaling laws have sought to understand how LLMs scale with respect to model size, pre-training data, and computational resources, we focus on understanding how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In this article, we use probing to investigate phenomena that occur during fine-tuning and knowledge distillation of a BERT-based natural language understanding (NLU) model. Our ultimate purpose was to use probing to better understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jakub Hościłowicz , Marcin Sowański , Piotr Czubowski , Artur Janicki

Vision Transformer and its variants have been adopted in many visual tasks due to their powerful capabilities, which also bring significant challenges in computation and storage. Consequently, researchers have introduced various compression…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Zeyu Wang , Weichen Dai , Xiangyu Zhou , Ji Qi , Yi Zhou

Knowledge distillation is the procedure of transferring "knowledge" from a large model (the teacher) to a more compact one (the student), often being used in the context of model compression. When both models have the same architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Minh Pham , Minsu Cho , Ameya Joshi , Chinmay Hegde

While alignment algorithms are now commonly used to tune pre-trained language models towards a user's preferences, we lack explanations for the underlying mechanisms in which models become ``aligned'', thus making it difficult to explain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Andrew Lee , Xiaoyan Bai , Itamar Pres , Martin Wattenberg , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Rada Mihalcea

While non-autoregressive (NAR) models are showing great promise for machine translation, their use is limited by their dependence on knowledge distillation from autoregressive models. To address this issue, we seek to understand why…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Weijia Xu , Shuming Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Marine Carpuat

As NLP models become more integrated with the everyday lives of people, it becomes important to examine the social effect that the usage of these systems has. While these models understand language and have increased accuracy on difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Rajas Bansal

Knowledge distillation has emerged as a pivotal technique for transferring knowledge from stronger large language models (LLMs) to smaller, more efficient models. However, traditional distillation approaches face challenges related to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruihan Jin , Pengpeng Shao , Zhengqi Wen , Jinyang Wu , Mingkuan Feng , Shuo Yang , Chu Yuan Zhang , Jianhua Tao

Models for natural language understanding (NLU) tasks often rely on the idiosyncratic biases of the dataset, which make them brittle against test cases outside the training distribution. Recently, several proposed debiasing methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Prasetya Ajie Utama , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Iryna Gurevych

To reduce model size during post-training, compression methods, including knowledge distillation, low-rank approximation, and pruning, are often applied after fine-tuning the model. However, sequential fine-tuning and compression sacrifices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Matthew Brand , Pu , Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Knowledge distillation from large language models (LLMs) assumes that the teacher's output distribution is a high-quality training signal. On reasoning tasks, this assumption is frequently violated. A model's intermediate representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ryan Brown , Chris Russell

Model distillation has become essential for creating smaller, deployable language models that retain larger system capabilities. However, widespread deployment raises concerns about resilience to adversarial manipulation. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Harsh Chaudhari , Jamie Hayes , Matthew Jagielski , Ilia Shumailov , Milad Nasr , Alina Oprea

We explore the idea of compressing the prompts used to condition language models, and show that compressed prompts can retain a substantive amount of information about the original prompt. For severely compressed prompts, while fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 David Wingate , Mohammad Shoeybi , Taylor Sorensen

Knowledge distillation is a popular technique for training a small student network to emulate a larger teacher model, such as an ensemble of networks. We show that while knowledge distillation can improve student generalization, it does not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Samuel Stanton , Pavel Izmailov , Polina Kirichenko , Alexander A. Alemi , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Deep pre-training and fine-tuning models (like BERT, OpenAI GPT) have demonstrated excellent results in question answering areas. However, due to the sheer amount of model parameters, the inference speed of these models is very slow. How to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Ze Yang , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Wutao Lin , Daxin Jiang