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Reinforcement Learning (RL) is increasingly used in autonomous driving (AD) and shows clear advantages. However, most RL-based AD methods overlook policy structure design. An RL policy that only outputs short-timescale vehicle control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Guizhe Jin , Zhuoren Li , Bo Leng , Ran Yu , Lu Xiong , Chen Sun

For robotic vehicles to navigate robustly and safely in unseen environments, it is crucial to decide the most suitable navigation policy. However, most existing deep reinforcement learning based navigation policies are trained with a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kyowoon Lee , Seongun Kim , Jaesik Choi

Controlling a non-statically bipedal robot is challenging due to the complex dynamics and multi-criterion optimization involved. Recent works have demonstrated the effectiveness of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for simulation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Changxin Huang , Guangrun Wang , Zhibo Zhou , Ronghui Zhang , Liang Lin

This paper deals with distributed policy optimization in reinforcement learning, which involves a central controller and a group of learners. In particular, two typical settings encountered in several applications are considered:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Tianyi Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Tamer Başar

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) has made notable progress in complex control tasks by leveraging temporal abstraction. However, previous HRL algorithms often suffer from serious data inefficiency as environments get large. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Seungjae Lee , Jigang Kim , Inkyu Jang , H. Jin Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a promising paradigm for optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in complex reasoning tasks. However, traditional outcome-based RL approaches often suffer from reward sparsity and inefficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhao Wang , Ziliang Zhao , Zhicheng Dou

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms assume that users specify tasks by manually writing down a reward function. However, this process can be laborious and demands considerable technical expertise. Can we devise RL algorithms that instead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Benjamin Eysenbach , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

We present a simple, sample-efficient algorithm for introducing large but directed learning steps in reinforcement learning (RL), through the use of evolutionary operators. The methodology uses a population of RL agents training with a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Harshad Khadilkar

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses sequential decision-making problems where agents are required to achieve goals by maximizing the expected return while meeting domain-specific constraints. In this setting, policy-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Alessandro Montenegro , Leonardo Cesani , Marco Mussi , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has led to a wide range of advances in sequential decision-making tasks. However, the complexity of neural network policies makes it difficult to understand and deploy with limited computational resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Jiaming Guo , Rui Zhang , Shaohui Peng , Qi Yi , Xing Hu , Ruizhi Chen , Zidong Du , Xishan Zhang , Ling Li , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Learning to evaluate and improve policies is a core problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Traditional RL algorithms learn a value function defined for a single policy. A recently explored competitive alternative is to learn a single value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Francesco Faccio , Aditya Ramesh , Vincent Herrmann , Jean Harb , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to solve dialogue policy optimisation. Traditional RL algorithms, however, fail to scale to large domains due to the curse of dimensionality. We propose a novel Dialogue Management…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Iñigo Casanueva , Paweł Budzianowski , Pei-Hao Su , Stefan Ultes , Lina Rojas-Barahona , Bo-Hsiang Tseng , Milica Gašić

We present Revel, a partially neural reinforcement learning (RL) framework for provably safe exploration in continuous state and action spaces. A key challenge for provably safe deep RL is that repeatedly verifying neural networks within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Greg Anderson , Abhinav Verma , Isil Dillig , Swarat Chaudhuri

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides an efficient way for simultaneously learning policies for multiple agents interacting with each other. However, in scenarios requiring complex interactions, existing algorithms can suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaobai Ma , David Isele , Jayesh K. Gupta , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Meta Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods focus on automating the design of RL algorithms that generalize to a wide range of environments. The framework introduced in (Anonymous, 2020) addresses the problem by representing different RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Juan Jose Garau Luis

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

Answering real-world open-domain multi-hop questions over massive corpora is a critical challenge in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Recent research employs reinforcement learning (RL) to end-to-end optimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yu Liu , Wenxiao Zhang , Cong Cao , Wenxuan Lu , Fangfang Yuan , Diandian Guo , Kun Peng , Qiang Sun , Kaiyan Zhang , Yanbing Liu , Jin B. Hong , Bowen Zhou , Zhiyuan Ma

We propose a deep reinforcement learning (RL) method to learn large neighborhood search (LNS) policy for integer programming (IP). The RL policy is trained as the destroy operator to select a subset of variables at each step, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

Many sequential decision-making problems that are currently automated, such as those in manufacturing or recommender systems, operate in an environment where there is either little uncertainty, or zero risk of catastrophe. As companies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Marc Rigter

The Reinforcement Learning (RL) building blocks, i.e. Q-functions and policy networks, usually take elements from the cartesian product of two domains as input. In particular, the input of the Q-function is both the state and the action,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Shai Keynan , Elad Sarafian , Sarit Kraus