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Quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise on current quantum hardware without the need for fault-tolerant quantum error correction. For instance, the quasiprobability method simulates a noise-free quantum computer using a noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Stefan Woerner

To address the challenge posed by noise in real quantum devices, quantum error mitigation techniques play a crucial role. These techniques are resource-efficient, making them suitable for implementation in noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Jordi Pérez-Guijarro , Alba Pagès-Zamora , Javier R. Fonollosa

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is an increasingly popular technique for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computations without using additional quantum resources. We review the fundamentals of ZNE and propose several improvements to noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Tudor Giurgica-Tiron , Yousef Hindy , Ryan LaRose , Andrea Mari , William J. Zeng

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) has been proposed as a class of hardware-friendly error suppression techniques. While QEM has been primarily studied for mitigating errors in the estimation of expectation values of observables, recent works…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Rion Shimazu , Suguru Endo , Shigeo Hakkaku , Shinobu Saito

As an alternative to quantum error correction, quantum error mitigation methods, including Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE), have been proposed to alleviate run-time errors in current noisy quantum devices. In this work, we propose a modified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Wenbo Shi , Neel Kanth Kundu , Matthew R. McKay , Robert Malaney

Error mitigation is essential for unlocking the full potential of quantum algorithms and accelerating the timeline toward quantum advantage. As quantum hardware progresses to push the boundaries of classical simulation, efficient and robust…

Quantum Volume is a full-stack benchmark for near-term quantum computers. It quantifies the largest size of a square circuit which can be executed on the target device with reasonable fidelity. Error mitigation is a set of techniques…

Richardson extrapolation is a classical technique from numerical analysis that can improve the approximation error of an estimation method by combining linearly several estimates obtained from different values of one of its hyperparameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Francis Bach

For quantum computers to successfully solve real-world problems, it is necessary to tackle the challenge of noise: the errors which occur in elementary physical components due to unwanted or imperfect interactions. The theory of quantum…

We consider Zero Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) as an error mitigation strategy in quantum metrology. It is shown that noise expansion can be systematically performed over sufficiently short time scales for general Markovian noise models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Zhuo Zhao , Kok Chuan Tan

Quantum computers have enabled solving problems beyond the current computers' capabilities. However, this requires handling noise arising from unwanted interactions in these systems. Several protocols have been proposed to address efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Ali Shaib , Mohamad H. Naim , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Fadi Kurdahi

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) trapped-ion devices are subject to errors which can significantly impact the accuracy of calculations if left unchecked. A form of error mitigation called zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) can…

Quantum computing with qudits is an emerging approach that exploits a larger, more-connected computational space, providing advantages for many applications, including quantum simulation and quantum error correction. Nonetheless, qudits are…

Real-time scattering calculations on a Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) quantum computer are disrupted by errors that accumulate throughout the circuits. To improve the accuracy of such physics simulations, one can supplement the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-03 Zachary Parks , Arnaud Carignan-Dugas , Erik Gustafson , Yannick Meurice , Patrick Dreher

Error mitigation is essential for the practical implementation of quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. This work explores and extends Clifford Data Regression (CDR) to mitigate noise in quantum chemistry…

It is vital to minimise the impact of errors for near-future quantum devices that will lack the resources for full fault tolerance. Two quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques have been introduced recently, namely error extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Suguru Endo , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

Quantum simulation, the study of strongly correlated quantum matter using synthetic quantum systems, has been the most successful application of quantum computers to date. It often requires determining observables with high precision, for…

Quantum error mitigation is a crucial technique for suppressing errors especially in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, enabling more reliable quantum computation without the overhead of full error correction. Zero-Noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Boseon Kim , Wooyeong Song , Kwangil Bae , Wonhyuk Lee , IlKwon Sohn

Extracting useful information from noisy near-term quantum simulations requires error mitigation strategies. A broad class of these strategies rely on precise characterization of the noise source. We study the robustness of probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Pradeep Niroula , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Michael J. Gullans

Quantum computing devices are inevitably subject to errors. To leverage quantum technologies for computational benefits in practical applications, quantum algorithms and protocols must be implemented reliably under noise and imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Jihye Kim , Byungdu Oh , Yonuk Chong , Euyheon Hwang , Daniel K. Park