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Future 5G communication systems require more demanding performances than the existing cellular communication systems, e.g., 10 to 100 Mbps user data rate and much larger cellular spectrum efficiency. The well-used multiple access methods…
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are expected to play a crucial role in the 5G wireless communication systems. These advanced systems, which are being deployed since 2021, offer significant advantages over conventional…
The paper addresses the following problems: (1) a brief survey on wireless mobile communication technologies including evolution, history evolution (e.g., chain of system generations 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G); (2) using a hierarchical…
The second-generation (2G) mobile systems were developed in response to the growing demand for a system that met mobile communication demands while also providing greater interoperability with other systems. International organizations were…
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is in the process of developing the next generation radio access technology, named New Radio (NR), which will be proposed as a candidate technology for IMT-2020. This article outlines the wide…
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized Coverage Enhancement (CE) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) to connect devices in challenging radio conditions with cellular networks. CE is based on the principle of prolonged…
ISAC is currently being standardized within the 3GPP New Radio (NR) to enable cellular infrastructure to perform sensing using existing communication waveforms. While standardization is progressing, practical deployment may be limited by…
Coexistence of 3GPP access networks, namely 4G and 5G, and non-3GPP access networks, namely Wi-Fi, has enabled data offloading from one access network to another to reduce burden on the congested network. Within the evolution of 5G system,…
Driven by the rapid escalation of the wireless capacity requirements imposed by advanced multimedia applications (e.g., ultra-high-definition video, virtual reality etc.), as well as the dramatically increasing demand for user access…
Multiple access techniques are fundamental to the design of wireless communication systems, since many crucial components of such systems depend on the choice of the multiple access technique. Because of the importance of multiple access,…
Driven by increasing demands on connectivity to improve safety, situational awareness and operational effectiveness for first responders, more and more public safety agencies are realizing the need of modernization of their existing…
The rapidly increasing number of mobile devices, voluminous data, and higher data rate are pushing to rethink the current generation of the cellular mobile communication. The next or fifth generation (5G) cellular networks are expected to…
Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks face various challenges in order to support large-scale heterogeneous traffic and users, therefore new modulation and multiple access (MA) schemes are being developed to meet the changing demands. As…
Since 5G new radio comes with non-standalone (NSA) and standalone (SA) versions in 3GPP, research on 6G has been on schedule by academics and industries. Though 6G is supposed to have much higher capabilities than 5G, yet there is no clear…
The astounding capacity requirements of 5G have motivated researchers to investigate the feasibility of many potential technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave, full-duplex, non-orthogonal multiple…
5G Cell Search (CS) is the first step for user equipment (UE) to initiate the communication with the 5G node B (gNB) every time it is powered ON. In cellular networks, CS is accomplished via synchronization signals (SS) broadcasted by gNB.…
Although the security properties of 3G and 4G mobile networks have significantly improved by comparison with 2G (GSM), significant shortcomings remain with respect to user privacy. A number of possible modifications to 2G, 3G and 4G…
Massive MIMO, a candidate for 5G technology, promises significant gains in wireless data rates and link reliability by using large numbers of antennas (more than 64) at the base transceiver station (BTS). Extra antennas help by focusing the…
With the worldwide third-generation mobile communication system gradually implemented, the future development of mobile communications has become a hot topic and evolution of the problem. This paper introduces the fourth generation mobile…
In recent years, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed the new radio-vehicle-to-everything (NR-V2X) sidelink standard, to enable direct communication between connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Users can…