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Numerous models of neutron star (NS) equation of state (EoS) exist based on different superdense-matter physics approaches. Nevertheless, some NS properties show universal (EoS-independent) relations. Here, we propose a novel class of such…

We investigate the Equation of State (EOS) of classical systems having 300 and 512 particles confined in a box with periodic boundary conditions. We show that such a system, independently on the number of particles investigated, has a…

Equation-of-state (EOS) models underpin numerical simulations at the core of research in high energy density physics, inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and elsewhere. In these applications EOS models are needed that span…

The process of creating goods and services, measured by their value, is considered a process of creating complexity. This allows us to consider the production system as an open thermodynamic system, and to develop a simple heuristic model…

In recent years economics agents and systems have became more and more interacting and juxtaposed, therefore the social sciences need to rely on the studies of physical sciences to analyze this complexity in the relationships. According to…

Investigating the thermal inflationary model, we introduce stochastic effects, incorporating a cutoff parameter $\sigma$ which distinguishes between quantum and classical modes. Testing the model against Planck 2018 data, we observe a…

Thermodynamic relations are derived from first principles of mechanics for non-equilibrium processes. Since the key role herein is played by the law of increase of entropy, the latter is analyzed at first. It is shown that its derivation…

A number of properties of systems in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) are investigated by a generalization of the Onsager-Machlup (OM) path integral approach for systems in an equilibrium state (ES). A thermodynamics formally identical…

A first principles analysis of an open system thermodynamical Carnot cycle is provided, and the results are compared to those proposed by Gibbs for open systems. The Kelvin-Clausius statement concerning heat transfer for reversible cycles…

To determine the welfare implications of price changes in demand data, we introduce a revealed preference relation over prices. We show that the absence of cycles in this relation characterizes a consumer who trades off the utility of…

The relationships among the pressure P, volume V, and temperature T of solid-state materials are described by their equations of state (EOSs), which are often derived from the consideration of the finite-strain energy or the interatomic…

The aim of this work is to put forward a statistical mechanics theory of social interaction, generalizing econometric discrete choice models. After showing the formal equivalence linking econometric multinomial logit models to equilibrium…

Harnessing the demand-side flexibility in building and mobility sectors can help to better integrate renewable energy into power systems and reduce global CO2 emissions. Enabling this sector coupling can be achieved with advances in energy…

The dark energy universe equation of state (EOS) with inhomogeneous,Hubble parameter dependent term is considered. The motivation to introduce such a term comes from time-dependent viscosity considerations and modifications of general…

Historically, the thermodynamic behavior of gasses was described first and the derived equations were adapted to solids. It is suggested that the current thermodynamic description of solid phase is still incomplete because the isothermal…

We present some novel thermodynamic ideas based on the Maupertuis principle. By considering Hamiltonians written in terms of appropriate action-angle variables we show that thermal states can be characterized by the action variables and by…

A simple method for determining the thermal component of the EOS of solids under high pressure is proposed.Application to the interior of the Earth gives results in agreement with recent geophysical data.

Potential applications of quantum dots in the nanotechnology industry make these systems an important field of study in various areas of physics. In particular, thermodynamics has a significant role in technological innovations. With this…

The equation of state (EoS) of hot and dense matter is a fundamental input to describe static and dynamical properties of neutron stars, core-collapse supernovae and binary compact-star mergers. We review the current status of the EoS for…

We consider a theory of quantum thermodynamics with multiple conserved quantities (or charges). To this end, we generalize the seminal results of Sparaciari et al. [PRA 96:052112, 2017] to the case of multiple, in general non-commuting…