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Variational algorithms are promising candidates to be implemented on near-term quantum computers. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a prominent example, where a parametrized trial state of the quantum mechanical wave function is…

Determining the properties of molecules and materials is one of the premier applications of quantum computing. A major question in the field is how to use imperfect near-term quantum computers to solve problems of practical value. Inspired…

We propose a variational approach for preparing entangled quantum states on quantum computers. The methodology involves training a unitary operation to match with a target unitary using the Fubini-Study distance as a cost function. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Vu Tuan Hai , Nguyen Tan Viet , Le Bin Ho

We present a low-depth amplitude encoding method for arbitrary quantum state preparation. Building on the foundation of an existing divide-and-conquer algorithm, we propose a method to disentangle the ancillary qubits from the final state.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Roselyn Nmaju , Fiona Speirits , Sarah Croke

H\"uckel molecular orbital (HMO) theory provides a semi-empirical treatment of the electronic structure in conjugated {\pi}-electronic systems. A scalable system-agnostic execution of HMO theory on a quantum computer is reported here based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Harshdeep Singh , Sonjoy Majumder , Sabyashachi Mishra

Quantum algorithms are promising candidates for the enhancement of computational efficiency for a variety of computational tasks, allowing for the numerical study of physical systems intractable to classical computers. In the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-13 Marco Majland , Nikolaj Thomas Zinner

A direct orbital optimization method is presented for density functional calculations of excited electronic states using either a real space grid or a plane wave basis set. The method is variational, provides atomic forces in the excited…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Aleksei V. Ivanov , Gianluca Levi , Elvar Ö. Jónsson , Hannes Jónsson

The variational principle of quantum mechanics is the backbone of hybrid quantum computing for a range of applications. However, as the problem size grows, quantum logic errors and the effect of barren plateaus overwhelm the quality of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Harish J. Vallury , Michael A. Jones , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices has gained a lot of attraction in recent years. Currently, most works have focused on single-objective problems, whereas many real-world applications need to consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Linus Ekstrom , Hao Wang , Sebastian Schmitt

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms require novel paradigms of error mitigation. To obtain noise-robust quantum computers, each logical qubit is equipped with hundreds or thousands of physical qubits. However, it is not…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm intending to find the ground state of a target Hamiltonian. Theoretically, QAOA can obtain the approximate solution if the quantum circuit is deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Yahui Chai , Yong-Jian Han , Yu-Chun Wu , Ye Li , Menghan Dou , Guo-Ping Guo

The performance of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm is evaluated by using three different measures: the probability of finding the ground state, the energy expectation value, and a ratio closely related to the approximation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Madita Willsch , Dennis Willsch , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

Variational quantum algorithms involve training parameterized quantum circuits using a classical co-processor. An important variational algorithm, designed for combinatorial optimization, is the quantum approximate optimization algorithm.…

Most literature in the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm focuses on finding the ground state of a physical system, by minimizing a quantum-computed cost-function. When excited states are required, the cost-function is usually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Kyle Sherbert , Marco Buongiorno Nardelli

We present a quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization using the cost structure of the search states. Its behavior is illustrated for overconstrained satisfiability and asymmetric traveling salesman problems. Simulations with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tad Hogg , Dmitriy Portnov

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

We present calculations of the ground and excited state energies of spin defects in solids carried out on a quantum computer, using a hybrid classical/quantum protocol. We focus on the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy center in diamond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Benchen Huang , Marco Govoni , Giulia Galli

Quantum cooling, a deterministic process that drives any state to the lowest eigenstate, has been widely used from studying ground state properties of chemistry and condensed matter quantum physics, to general optimization problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-06 Pei Zeng , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan

Molecular quantum simulations with the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) rely on ansatz states that approximate the molecular ground states. These ansatz states are generally defined by parametrized fermionic excitation operators and an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Yordan S. Yordanov , David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur , Crispin H. W. Barnes

Quantum computers promise to revolutionize our ability to simulate molecules, and cloud-based hardware is becoming increasingly accessible to a wide body of researchers. Algorithms such as Quantum Phase Estimation and the Variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Kyle Sherbert , Frank Cerasoli , Marco Buongiorno Nardelli