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Related papers: Low-overhead quantum computing with the color code

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Lattice surgery protocols allow for the efficient implementation of universal gate sets with two-dimensional topological codes where qubits are constrained to interact with one another locally. In this work, we first introduce a decoder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 Christopher Chamberland , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum error correction allows inherently noisy quantum devices to emulate an ideal quantum computer with reasonable resource overhead. As a crucial component, decoding architectures have received significant attention recently. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Kai Zhang , Jubo Xu , Fang Zhang , Linghang Kong , Zhengfeng Ji , Jianxin Chen

Fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on scaling up quantum error correcting codes in order to suppress the error rate on the encoded quantum states. Topological codes, such as the surface code or color codes are leading candidates for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Pedro Parrado-Rodríguez , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Two-dimensional color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing, as they have high encoding rates, transversal implementation of logical Clifford gates, and resource-efficient magic state preparation schemes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Seok-Hyung Lee , Andrew Li , Stephen D. Bartlett

Generalized code surgery is a versatile and low-overhead technique for performing fault-tolerant computation on quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. In many settings, surgery exhibits practical space overheads, while its time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kathleen Chang , Zhiyang He , Theodore J. Yoder , Guanyu Zhu , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor

Large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation requires compiling logical circuits into physical operations tailored to a given architecture. Prior work addressing this challenge has mostly focused on the surface code and lattice surgery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Laura S. Herzog , Lucas Berent , Aleksander Kubica , Robert Wille

Surface quantum error-correcting codes are the leading proposal for fault-tolerance within quantum computers. We present OpenSurgery, a scalable tool for the preparation of circuits protected by the surface code operated through lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Alexandru Paler , Austin G. Fowler

Topological color codes defined by the 4.8.8 semiregular lattice feature geometrically local check operators and admit transversal implementation of the entire Clifford group, making them promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-14 Ashley M. Stephens

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for fault tolerant quantum computing. On superconducting platforms, hardware defects in large scale quantum processors can disrupt the regular lattice structure of topological codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tian-Hao Wei , Jia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Ning Li , Wei-Cheng Kong , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

The large-scale execution of quantum algorithms requires basic quantum operations to be implemented fault-tolerantly. The most popular technique for accomplishing this, using the devices that can be realised in the near term, uses…

Lattice surgery is a method to perform quantum computation fault-tolerantly by using operations on boundary qubits between different patches of the planar code. This technique allows for universal planar-code computation without eliminating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Daniel Herr , Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt , Franco Nori

Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Igor Aleiner , Richard Allen , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Alexander Del Toro Barba , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Reza Fatemi , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Marissa Giustina , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Michael C. Hamilton , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Oscar Higgott , Jeremy Hilton , Markus Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Mária Kieferová , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Lily Laws , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Fionn D. Malone , Jeffrey Marshall , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor Mccourt , Matt McEwen , Anthony Megrant , Bernardo Meurer Costa , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Emily Mount , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , John Platt , Andre Petukhov , Rebecca Potter , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Alfredo Torres , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Theodore White , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Fault-tolerant capacities quantify the ability of a quantum channel to reliably transmit information when every component of the encoding and decoding procedure is noisy. Earlier work analyzed achievable communication rates under such noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Paula Belzig , Hayata Yamasaki

We present a planar surface-code-based scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation which eliminates the time overhead of single-qubit Clifford gates, and implements long-range multi-target CNOT gates with a time overhead that scales only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-07 Daniel Litinski , Felix von Oppen

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects in…

The preparation of a quantum state using a noisy quantum computer (gate noise strength $\delta$), will necessarily affect an O($\delta$)-fraction of the qubits, no matter which protocol is used. Here, we show that fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

We use a combination of analytical and numerical techniques to calculate the noise threshold and resource requirements for a linear optical quantum computing scheme based on parity-state encoding. Parity-state encoding is used at the lowest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 A. J. F. Hayes , H. L. Haselgrove , Alexei Gilchrist , T. C. Ralph