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We study the effect of noise on the classical simulatability of quantum circuits defined by computationally tractable (CT) states and efficiently computable sparse (ECS) operations. Examples of such circuits, which we call CT-ECS circuits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-28 Yasuhiro Takahashi , Yuki Takeuchi , Seiichiro Tani

We consider the surface code under errors featuring both coherent and incoherent components and study the coherence of the corresponding logical noise channel and how this impacts information-theoretic measures of code performance, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Jan Behrends , Benjamin Béri

Quantum computing is deemed to require error correction at scale to mitigate physical noise by reducing it to lower noise levels while operating on encoded logical qubits. Popular quantum error correction schemes include CSS code, of which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ming Wang , Frank Mueller

Biased-noise qubits, in which one type of error (e.g. $X$- and $Y$-type errors) is significantly suppressed relative to the other (e.g. $Z$-type errors), can significantly reduce the overhead of quantum error correction. Codes such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Peter Shanahan , Diego Ruiz

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

An algorithm is presented for error correction in the surface code quantum memory. This is shown to correct depolarizing noise up to a threshold error rate of 18.5%, exceeding previous results and coming close to the upper bound of 18.9%.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 James R. Wootton , Daniel Loss

Surface codes are a promising method of quantum error correction and the basis of many proposed quantum computation implementations. However, their efficient decoding is still not fully explored. Recently, approaches based on machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Polar codes have emerged as the most favorable channel codes for their unique capacity-achieving property. To date, numerous works have been reported for efficient design of polar codes decoder. However, these prior efforts focused on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-15 Bo Yuan , Keshab K. Parhi

We present a planar surface-code-based scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation which eliminates the time overhead of single-qubit Clifford gates, and implements long-range multi-target CNOT gates with a time overhead that scales only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-07 Daniel Litinski , Felix von Oppen

The surface code is a promising platform for a quantum memory, but its threshold under coherent errors remains incompletely understood. We study maximum-likelihood decoding of the square-lattice surface code in the presence of single-qubit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-05 Stephen W. Yan , Yimu Bao , Sagar Vijay

Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are optimal where the minimum distance cannot be improved for a given length and code size. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields were introduced in 2017, which are generalization of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Hongwei Liu , Shengwei Liu

Braided convolutional codes (BCCs) are a class of spatially coupled turbo-like codes that can be described by a $(2,3)$-regular compact graph. In this paper, we introduce a family of $(d_v,d_c)$-regular GLDPC codes with convolutional code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Muhammad Umar Farooq , Saeedeh Moloudi , Michael Lentmaier

Polar codes were introduced in 2009 and proven to achieve the symmetric capacity of any binary-input discrete memoryless channel under low-complexity successive cancellation decoding. In this thesis, we construct cyclic polar codes based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

Surface codes are promising for practical quantum error correction due to their high threshold and experimental feasibility. However, their performance under realistic noise conditions, particularly those involving correlated errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 SiYing Wang , Yue Yan , ZhiXin Xia , Xiang-Bin Wang

The surface code is a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation and has been implemented in many quantum hardware platforms. In this work, we propose a new non-local unitary circuit to encode a surface code state based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Pei-Kai Tsai , Shruti Puri

A major challenge in developing quantum computing technologies is to accomplish high precision tasks by utilizing multiplex optimization approaches, on both the physical system and algorithm levels. Loss functions assessing the overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Zhen Wang , Yanzhu Chen , Zixuan Song , Dayue Qin , Hekang Li , Qiujiang Guo , H. Wang , Chao Song , Ying Li

In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

In fault-tolerant quantum computation, the preparation of logical states is a ubiquitous subroutine, yet significant challenges persist even for the simplest states required. In the present work, we present a unitary, scalable,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Luis Colmenarez , Remmy Zen , Jan Olle , Florian Marquardt , Markus Müller

Bivariate bicycle codes are promising candidates for high-threshold, low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memories. Meanwhile, color codes are the most prominent self-dual CSS codes, supporting transversal Clifford gates that have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Zijian Liang , Yu-An Chen

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler