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We investigate the localization properties of independent electrons in a periodic background, possibly including a periodic magnetic field, as e.g. in Chern insulators and in Quantum Hall systems. Since, generically, the spectrum of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-05-08 D. Monaco , G. Panati , A. Pisante , S. Teufel

The problem of construction of the Wannier functions (WFs) in a restricted Hilbert space of eigenstates of the one-electron Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$ (forming the so-called low-energy part of the spectrum) can be formulated in several different…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-05-23 I. V. Solovyev , Z. V. Pchelkina , V. I. Anisimov

We consider a real periodic Schr\"odinger operator and a physically relevant family of $m \geq 1$ Bloch bands, separated by a gap from the rest of the spectrum, and we investigate the localization properties of the corresponding composite…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 Domenico Fiorenza , Domenico Monaco , Gianluca Panati

We have calculated the maximally-localized Wannier functions of MnO in its antiferromagnetic (AFM) rhombohedral unit cell, which contains two formula units. Electron Bloch functions are obtained with the linearized augmented plane-wave…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-07 Michel Posternak , Alfonso Baldereschi , Sandro Massidda , Nicola Marzari

Maximally-localized Wannier functions are quantum wavefunctions resembling atomic orbitals that are used to describe electrons in condensed matter. Since their introduction in 1997, these functions have become ubiquitous in ab initio…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Sabyasachi Tiwari , Bruno Cucco , Viet-Anh Ha , Feliciano Giustino

Maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are conventionally constructed by iteratively minimizing a spread functional over a high-dimensional gauge landscape. In this work, we present a non-variational constructive algorithm that…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-15 Yuji Hamai , Katsunori Wakabayashi

We propose a general method of constructing Wannier functions in disordered systems directly out of energy eigenstates. This method consists of two successive operations: (i) a phase transformation setting the proper localization center;…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-12-24 Junbo Zhu , Zhu Chen , Biao Wu

It is proved that for general, not necessarily periodic quasi one dimensional systems, the band position operator corresponding to an isolated part of the energy spectrum has discrete spectrum and its eigenfunctions have the same spatial…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-03-11 H. D. Cornean , A. Nenciu , G. Nenciu

We propose a numerical method using the discrete variable representation (DVR) for constructing real-valued Wannier functions localized in a unit cell for both symmetric and asymmetric periodic potentials. We apply these results to finding…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-09-14 Saurabh Paul , Eite Tiesinga

The construction of optimally localized Wannier functions (and Wannier functions in general) for a Chern insulator has been considered to be impossible owing to the fact that the second moment of such functions is generally infinite. In…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-12 Thivan M. Gunawardana , Ari M. Turner , Ryan Barnett

Localized Wannier functions provide an efficient and intuitive means by which to compute dielectric properties from first principles. They are most commonly constructed in a post-processing step, following total-energy minimization.…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-05-16 David D. O'Regan , Mike C. Payne , Arash A. Mostofi

Maximally-localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are widely employed as an essential tool for calculating the physical properties of materials due to their localized nature and computational efficiency. Projectability-disentangled Wannier…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-11-25 Yuhao Jiang , Junfeng Qiao , Nataliya Paulish , Weisheng Zhao , Nicola Marzari , Giovanni Pizzi

Maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are widely used to construct first-principles tight-binding models that accurately reproduce the electronic structure of materials. Recently, robust and automated approaches to generate these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Junfeng Qiao , Giovanni Pizzi , Nicola Marzari

We consider a periodic Schroedinger operator and the composite Wannier functions corresponding to a relevant family of its Bloch bands, separated by a gap from the rest of the spectrum. We study the associated localization functional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-26 Gianluca Panati , Adriano Pisante

We review the formalisms of the self-consistent GW approximation to many-body perturbation theory and of the generation of optimally-localized Wannier functions from groups of energy bands. We show that the quasiparticle Bloch wave…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 D. R. Hamann , David Vanderbilt

Maximally localized Wannier functions are localized orthogonal functions that can accurately represent given Bloch eigenstates of a periodic system at a low computational cost, thanks to the small size of each orbital. Tight-binding models…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-03-15 Jae-Mo Lihm , Cheol-Hwan Park

We review the derivation of the effective Dirac equation for ultracold atoms in one-dimensional bichromatic optical lattices, following the proposal by Witthaut et al. Phys. Rev. A 84, 033601 (2011). We discuss how such a derivation - based…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2014-09-08 Xabier Lopez-Gonzalez , Jacopo Sisti , Giulio Pettini , Michele Modugno

A non-iterative method is presented to calculate the closest Wannier functions (CWFs) to a given set of localized guiding functions, such as atomic orbitals, hybrid atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals, based on minimization of a…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-07-03 Taisuke Ozaki

When using Wannier functions to study the electronic structure of multi-parameter Hamiltonians $H^{(\boldsymbol k,\bf \lambda)}$ carrying a dependence on crystal momentum $\boldsymbol k$ and an additional periodic parameter $\bf\lambda$,…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-11 Jan-Philipp Hanke , Frank Freimuth , Stefan Blügel , Yuriy Mokrousov

The nontrivial evolution of Wannier functions (WF) for the occupied bands is a good starting point to understand topological insulator. By modifying the definition of WFs from the eigenstates of the projected position operator to those of…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2015-04-24 Ye Xiong , Peiqing Tong