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Despite significant advances in deep learning, current Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems struggle with the inherent complexity of historical documents, including diverse writing styles, degraded text quality, and computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Mohammed Hamdan , Abderrahmane Rahiche , Mohamed Cheriet

The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has accelerated the progress of handwritten character classification/recognition. Handwritten character recognition (HCR) has found applications in various domains, such as traffic signal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 F. A. Mamun , S. A. H. Chowdhury , J. E. Giti , H. Sarker

Despite the transition to digital information exchange, many documents, such as invoices, taxes, memos and questionnaires, historical data, and answers to exam questions, still require handwritten inputs. In this regard, there is a need to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Nazgul Toiganbayeva , Mahmoud Kasem , Galymzhan Abdimanap , Kairat Bostanbekov , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Anel Alimova , Daniyar Nurseitov

The evaluation of Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems has traditionally used metrics based on the edit distance between HTR and ground truth (GT) transcripts, at both the character and word levels. This is very adequate when the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Enrique Vidal , Alejandro H. Toselli , Antonio Ríos-Vila , Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza

Handwritten character recognition is a challenging research in the field of document image analysis over many decades due to numerous reasons such as large writing styles variation, inherent noise in data, expansive applications it offers,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Noushath Shaffi , Faizal Hajamohideen

This paper presents results of a study of the performance of several base classifiers for recognition of handwritten characters of the modern Latin alphabet. Base classification performance is further enhanced by utilizing Viterbi error…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Hélder Campos , Nuno Paulino

Handwriting Recognition enables a person to scribble something on a piece of paper and then convert it into text. If we look into the practical reality there are enumerable styles in which a character may be written. These styles can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-04-20 Rahul Kala , Harsh Vazirani , Anupam Shukla , Ritu Tiwari

We propose a post-OCR text correction approach for digitising texts in Romanised Sanskrit. Owing to the lack of resources our approach uses OCR models trained for other languages written in Roman. Currently, there exists no dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Amrith Krishna , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Rajesh Shreedhar Bhat , Pawan Goyal

In a multilingual country like India where 12 different official scripts are in use, automatic identification of handwritten script facilitates many important applications such as automatic transcription of multilingual documents, searching…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Pawan Kumar Singh , Iman Chatterjee , Ram Sarkar , Mita Nasipuri

This paper presents a novel task of extracting low-resourced and noisy Latin fragments from mixed-language historical documents with varied layouts. We benchmark and evaluate the performance of large foundation models against a multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yu Wu , Ke Shu , Jonas Fischer , Lidia Pivovarova , David Rosson , Eetu Mäkelä , Mikko Tolonen

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), the use of Machine-Generated Text (MGT) has become increasingly common, bringing with it potential risks, especially in terms of quality and integrity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Qihui Zhang , Chujie Gao , Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Yixin Huang , Zhenyang Sun , Shilin Zhang , Weiye Li , Zhengyan Fu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

Historical documents represent an invaluable cultural heritage, yet have undergone significant degradation over time through tears, water erosion, and oxidation. Existing Historical Document Restoration (HDR) methods primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yuyi Zhang , Peirong Zhang , Zhenhua Yang , Pengyu Yan , Yongxin Shi , Pengwei Liu , Fengjun Guo , Lianwen Jin

A common use case for OCR applications involves users uploading documents and progressively correcting automatic recognition to obtain the final transcript. This correction phase presents an opportunity for progressive adaptation of the OCR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jan Kohút , Michal Hradiš

Handwritten Text Recognition has achieved an impressive performance in public benchmarks. However, due to the high inter- and intra-class variability between handwriting styles, such recognizers need to be trained using huge volumes of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Lei Kang , Pau Riba , Marçal Rusiñol , Alicia Fornés , Mauricio Villegas

In this paper, we investigate the usage of fine-grained font recognition on OCR for books printed from the 15th to the 18th century. We used a newly created dataset for OCR of early printed books for which fonts are labeled with bounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Mathias Seuret , Janne van der Loop , Nikolaus Weichselbaumer , Martin Mayr , Janina Molnar , Tatjana Hass , Florian Kordon , Anguelos Nicolau , Vincent Christlein

Handwritten text recognition for historical documents is an important task but it remains difficult due to a lack of sufficient training data in combination with a large variability of writing styles and degradation of historical documents.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Christian M. Dahl , Torben S. D. Johansen , Emil N. Sørensen , Christian E. Westermann , Simon F. Wittrock

Purpose: In this paper, we establish a baseline for handwritten stenography recognition, using the novel LION dataset, and investigate the impact of including selected aspects of stenographic theory into the recognition process. We make the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Raphaela Heil , Malin Nauwerck

There is an immense quantity of historical and cultural documentation that exists only as handwritten manuscripts. At the same time, performing OCR across scripts and different handwriting styles has proven to be an enormously difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Lucian Li

Large Language Model (LLMs) can be used to write or modify documents, presenting a challenge for understanding the intent behind their use. For example, benign uses may involve using LLM on a human-written document to improve its grammar or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yitong Wang , Zhongping Zhang , Margherita Piana , Zheng Zhou , Peter Gerstoft , Bryan A. Plummer

The segmentation-free research efforts for addressing handwritten text recognition can be divided into three categories: connectionist temporal classification (CTC), hidden Markov model and encoder-decoder methods. In this paper, inspired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zi-Rui Wang
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