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When deploying autonomous agents in the real world, we need effective ways of communicating objectives to them. Traditional skill learning has revolved around reinforcement and imitation learning, each with rigid constraints on the format…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Mark Woodward , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Most prior works on communication in multi-agent reinforcement learning have focused on emergent communication, which often results in inefficient and non-interpretable systems. Inspired by the role of language in natural intelligence, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Maxime Toquebiau , Jae-Yun Jun , Faïz Benamar , Nicolas Bredeche

We study emergent communication in a multi-agent reinforcement learning setting, where the agents solve cooperative tasks and have access to a communication channel. The communication channel may consist of either discrete symbols or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 John Isak Fjellvang Villanger , Troels Arnfred Bojesen

The question of how an effective and efficient communication system can emerge in a population of agents that need to solve a particular task attracts more and more attention from researchers in many fields, including artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jens Nevens , Paul Van Eecke , Katrien Beuls

We consider the issue of multiple agents learning to communicate through reinforcement learning within partially observable environments, with a focus on information asymmetry in the second part of our work. We provide a review of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mohamed Salah Zaïem , Etienne Bennequin

The main approach to evaluating communication is by assessing how well it facilitates coordination. If two or more individuals can coordinate through communication, it is generally assumed that they understand one another. We investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nikolaos Kondylidis , Anil Yaman , Frank van Harmelen , Erman Acar , Annette ten Teije

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant results, most notably by leveraging the representation-learning abilities of deep neural networks. However, large centralized approaches quickly become…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Nikunj Gupta , G Srinivasaraghavan , Swarup Kumar Mohalik , Nishant Kumar , Matthew E. Taylor

Communication protocol design is a central challenge in large language model-based multi-agent systems. Existing single-channel approaches face an inherent communication trilemma: text-based methods are interpretable but verbose, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xinyi Mou , Siyuan Wang , Zejun Li , Yulan He , Zhongyu Wei

As autonomous agents, from self-driving cars to virtual assistants, become increasingly present in everyday life, safe and effective collaboration depends on human understanding of agents' intentions. Current intent communication approaches…

Reinforcement learning agents deployed in the real world often have to cope with partially observable environments. Therefore, most agents employ memory mechanisms to approximate the state of the environment. Recently, there have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Fabian Paischer , Thomas Adler , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter

Communication enables agents to cooperate to achieve their goals. Learning when to communicate, i.e., sparse (in time) communication, and whom to message is particularly important when bandwidth is limited. Recent work in learning sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Seth Karten , Mycal Tucker , Siva Kailas , Katia Sycara

Learning to solve long horizon temporally extended tasks with reinforcement learning has been a challenge for several years now. We believe that it is important to leverage both the hierarchical structure of complex tasks and to use expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Bharat Prakash , Nicholas Waytowich , Tim Oates , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Communication is a powerful tool for coordination in multi-agent RL. But inducing an effective, common language is a difficult challenge, particularly in the decentralized setting. In this work, we introduce an alternative perspective where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Yat Long Lo , Biswa Sengupta , Jakob Foerster , Michael Noukhovitch

We present a machine learning framework for multi-agent systems to learn both the optimal policy for maximizing the rewards and the encoding of the high dimensional visual observation. The encoding is useful for sharing local visual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Hyung-Jin Yoon , Huaiyu Chen , Kehan Long , Heling Zhang , Aditya Gahlawat , Donghwan Lee , Naira Hovakimyan

Mobile augmented reality (MAR) is widely acknowledged as one of the ubiquitous interfaces to the digital twin and Metaverse, demanding unparalleled levels of latency, computational power, and energy efficiency. The existing solutions for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-16 Ruxiao Chen , Shuaishuai Guo

Humans make decisions and act alongside other humans to pursue both short-term and long-term goals. As a result of ongoing progress in areas such as computing science and automation, humans now also interact with non-human agents of varying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Patrick M. Pilarski , Andrew Butcher , Michael Johanson , Matthew M. Botvinick , Andrew Bolt , Adam S. R. Parker

Natural language has long enabled human cooperation, but its lossy, ambiguous, and indirect nature limits the potential of collective intelligence. While machines are not subject to these constraints, most LLM-based multi-agent systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yujia Zheng , Zhuokai Zhao , Zijian Li , Yaqi Xie , Mingze Gao , Lizhu Zhang , Kun Zhang

Humans use language to collectively execute abstract strategies besides using it as a referential tool for identifying physical entities. Recently, multiple attempts at replicating the process of emergence of language in artificial agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shubham Gupta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Evidence that visual communication preceded written language and provided a basis for it goes back to prehistory, in forms such as cave and rock paintings depicting traces of our distant ancestors. Emergent communication research has sought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Daniela Mihai , Jonathon Hare

Responsible AI has risen to the forefront of the AI research community. As neural network-based learning algorithms continue to permeate real-world applications, the field of Responsible AI has played a large role in ensuring that such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Niko A. Grupen