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We propose a new synthesis algorithm that can efficiently search programs with local variables (e.g., those introduced by lambdas). Prior bottom-up synthesis algorithms are not able to evaluate programs with free local variables, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Xiang Li , Xiangyu Zhou , Rui Dong , Yihong Zhang , Xinyu Wang

Conventional recommendation systems (RSs) are typically optimized to enhance performance metrics uniformly across all training samples, inadvertently overlooking the needs of diverse user populations. The performance disparity among various…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kirandeep Kaur , Vinayak Gupta , Manya Chadha , Chirag Shah

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottlenecks in computational efficiency and cross-architecture transferability. Whenever a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yu-Che Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Yuan-Hao Chen , Yu-Han Chang , Ching-Yu Tsai , Yu-Hsiang Chuang , Shou-De Lin

We present a new active learning algorithm that adaptively partitions the input space into a finite number of regions, and subsequently seeks a distinct predictor for each region, both phases actively requesting labels. We prove theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Corinna Cortes , Giulia DeSalvo , Claudio Gentile , Mehryar Mohri , Ningshan Zhang

In the field of software operations, Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted increasing attention. However, existing research has not yet achieved efficient and effective end-to-end intelligent operations due to low-quality data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jingkai He , Pengfei Chen , Chenghui Wu , Shuang Liang , Ye Li , Gou Tan , Xiadao Wen , Chuanfu Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find a near-optimal policy using pre-collected datasets. In real-world scenarios, data collection could be costly and risky; therefore, offline RL becomes particularly challenging when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ruizhe Shi , Yuyao Liu , Yanjie Ze , Simon S. Du , Huazhe Xu

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) decompose large language model (LLM) activations into latent features that reveal mechanistic structure. Conventional SAEs train on broad data distributions, forcing a fixed latent budget to capture only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Charles O'Neill , Mudith Jayasekara , Max Kirkby

SAGA is a fast incremental gradient method on the finite sum problem and its effectiveness has been tested on a vast of applications. In this paper, we analyze SAGA on a class of non-strongly convex and non-convex statistical problem such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-28 Chao Qu , Yan Li , Huan Xu

Context compression is an advanced technique that accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by converting long inputs into compact representations. Existing methods primarily rely on autoencoding tasks to train special compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xin Liu , Runsong Zhao , Pengcheng Huang , Xinyu Liu , Junyi Xiao , Chunyang Xiao , Tong Xiao , Shengxiang Gao , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu

The organization of latent knowledge within large-scale models poses unique challenges when addressing overlapping representations and optimizing contextual accuracy. Conceptual redundancies embedded across layers often result in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Joseph Sakau , Evander Kozlowski , Roderick Thistledown , Basil Steinberger

We present a unified theoretical framework for parametric low-rank approximation, a research area devoted to the development of efficient algorithms that act as adaptive alternatives of traditional methods such as Singular Value…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Nicola Rares Franco

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) for code applications have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot fluency and instruction following on challenging code related tasks ranging from test case generation to self-repair.…

Modern large language models are increasingly deployed under compute and memory constraints, making flexible control of model capacity a central challenge. While sparse and low-rank structures naturally trade off capacity and performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Hao Ma , Melis Ilayda Bal , Liang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Niao He , Melanie Zeilinger , Michael Muehlebach

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have been successfully used to probe Large Language Models (LLMs) and extract interpretable concepts from their internal representations. These concepts are linear combinations of neuron activations that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Mathis Le Bail , Jérémie Dentan , Davide Buscaldi , Sonia Vanier

Latent reasoning represents a new development in Transformer language models that has shown potential in compressing reasoning lengths compared to chain-of-thought reasoning. By directly passing the information-rich previous final latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Alex Ning , Yen-Ling Kuo , Gabe Gomes

The substantial memory demands of pre-training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) require memory-efficient optimization algorithms. One promising approach is layer-wise optimization, which treats each transformer block as a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yuxi Liu , Renjia Deng , Yutong He , Xue Wang , Tao Yao , Kun Yuan

Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but faces key challenges: restricted effective context length and redundancy in retrieved documents. Pure compression-based approaches reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yiqiao Jin , Kartik Sharma , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar

The currently dominant AI/ML workloads, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), rely on the efficient execution of General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) operations. Thus, most systems are equipped with dedicated matrix hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Luigi Altamura , Alessio Cicero , Mateo Vázquez Maceiras , Mohammad Ali Maleki , Pedro Trancoso

This paper provides a finite-time analysis of linear stochastic approximation (LSA) algorithms with fixed step size, a core method in statistics and machine learning. LSA is used to compute approximate solutions of a $d$-dimensional linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-30 Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Alexey Naumov , Sergey Samsonov