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We propose cognitive prompting as a novel approach to guide problem-solving in large language models (LLMs) through structured, human-like cognitive operations, such as goal clarification, decomposition, filtering, abstraction, and pattern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Oliver Kramer , Jill Baumann

Prompting language models (LMs) with training examples and task descriptions has been seen as critical to recent successes in few-shot learning. In this work, we show that finetuning LMs in the few-shot setting can considerably reduce the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Robert L. Logan , Ivana Balažević , Eric Wallace , Fabio Petroni , Sameer Singh , Sebastian Riedel

Prompt learning is an effective paradigm that bridges gaps between the pre-training tasks and the corresponding downstream applications. Approaches based on this paradigm have achieved great transcendent results in various applications.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Zhigang Kan , Linhui Feng , Zhangyue Yin , Linbo Qiao , Xipeng Qiu , Dongsheng Li

We present Prompt Diffusion, a framework for enabling in-context learning in diffusion-based generative models. Given a pair of task-specific example images, such as depth from/to image and scribble from/to image, and a text guidance, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhendong Wang , Yifan Jiang , Yadong Lu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Mingyuan Zhou

Current instruction-tuned language models are exclusively trained with textual preference data and thus are often not aligned with the unique requirements of other modalities, such as speech. To better align language models with the speech…

User modeling in large e-commerce platforms aims to optimize user experiences by incorporating various customer activities. Traditional models targeting a single task often focus on specific business metrics, neglecting the comprehensive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Mingdai Yang , Fan Yang , Yanhui Guo , Shaoyuan Xu , Tianchen Zhou , Yetian Chen , Simone Shao , Jia Liu , Yan Gao

Prompt learning has become an effective and widely used technique in enhancing vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP for various downstream tasks, particularly in zero-shot classification within specific domains. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Junhui Yin , Nan Pu , Xinyu Zhang , Lingfeng Yang , Lin Wu , Xiaojie Wang , Zhun Zhong

The impressive performance of GPT-3 using natural language prompts and in-context learning has inspired work on better fine-tuning of moderately-sized models under this paradigm. Following this line of work, we present a contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Yiren Jian , Chongyang Gao , Soroush Vosoughi

Stance classification, the task of predicting the viewpoint of an author on a subject of interest, has long been a focal point of research in domains ranging from social science to machine learning. Current stance detection methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Iain J. Cruickshank , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng

Although data-free incremental learning methods are memory-friendly, accurately estimating and counteracting representation shifts is challenging in the absence of historical data. This paper addresses this thorny problem by proposing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Zhiheng Ma , Xiaopeng Hong , Beinan Liu , Yabin Wang , Pinyue Guo , Huiyun Li

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in learning from explanations in prompts, but there has been limited understanding of exactly how these explanations function or why they are effective. This work aims to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Xi Ye , Srinivasan Iyer , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ves Stoyanov , Greg Durrett , Ramakanth Pasunuru

Recently, advanced large language models (LLMs) have emerged at an increasingly rapid pace. However, when faced with complex problems, most users are often unable to provide accurate and effective prompts to interact with LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjin Liu , Haoran Luo , Xueyuan Lin , Haoming Liu , Tiesunlong Shen , Jiapu Wang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Large-scale models trained on extensive datasets have become the standard due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks. In-context learning (ICL), widely used in natural language processing, leverages these models by providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Jiahao Zhang , Bowen Wang , Hong Liu , Liangzhi Li , Yuta Nakashima , Hajime Nagahara

Attention-based architectures trained on internet-scale language data have demonstrated state of the art reasoning ability for various language-based tasks, such as logic problems and textual reasoning. Additionally, these Large Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Mark Van der Merwe , Devesh Jha

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods harness previous experiences to derive an optimal policy, forming the foundation for pre-trained large-scale models (PLMs). When encountering tasks not seen before, PLMs often utilize several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shengchao Hu , Wanru Zhao , Weixiong Lin , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

We propose Context-Adaptive Multi-Prompt Embedding, a novel approach to enrich semantic representations in vision-language contrastive learning. Unlike standard CLIP-style models that rely on a single text embedding, our method introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Dahun Kim , Anelia Angelova

Large language models (LLMs) enable system builders today to create competent NLP systems through prompting, where they only need to describe the task in natural language and provide a few examples. However, in other ways, LLMs are a step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Vijay Viswanathan , Chenyang Zhao , Amanda Bertsch , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in domains where labeled data is scarce or expensive, such as clinical domain. However, to unlock the clinical knowledge hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Mark Kelley , Alyssa Samolyk-Mazzanti , Shyam Visweswaran , Yanshan Wang

Vision-language models are pre-trained by aligning image-text pairs in a common space to deal with open-set visual concepts. To boost the transferability of the pre-trained models, recent works adopt fixed or learnable prompts, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiangmeng Li , Wenyi Mo , Wenwen Qiang , Bing Su , Changwen Zheng , Hui Xiong , Ji-Rong Wen