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The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge as it has the potential to break certain cryptographic algorithms, necessitating a proactive approach to identify and modernize cryptographic code. Identifying these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Micha Moffie , Omer Boehm , Anatoly Koyfman , Eyal Bin , Efrayim Sztokman , Sukanta Bhattacharjee , Meghnath Saha , James McGugan

Quantum computers impose an immense threat to system security. As a countermeasure, new cryptographic classes have been created to prevent these attacks. Technologies such as post-quantum cryptography and quantum cryptography. Quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Luiz Filipi Anderson de Sousa Moura , Carlos Becker Westphall

The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the foundational cryptographic algorithms that secure modern digital communications. Protocols such as HTTPS, digital certificates, and public key infrastructures (PKIs) heavily…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arimondo Scrivano

Modern web traffic relies on 2048-bit RSA encryption to secure our data in transit. Rapid advances in Quantum Computing pose a grave challenge by allowing hackers to break this encryption in hours. In August of 2024, the National Institute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ananya Tadepalli

We present several quantum public-key encryption (QPKE) protocols designed with conjugate coding single-photon string, thus may be realized in laboratory with nowadays techniques. Two of these schemes are orienting one-bit message, and are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-22 Li Yang , Biyao Yang , Chong Xiang

The advent of quantum computing threatens the security of traditional encryption algorithms, motivating the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC). In 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardized…

Computationally hard problems based on coding theory, such as the syndrome decoding problem, have been used for constructing secure cryptographic schemes for a long time. Schemes based on these problems are also assumed to be secure against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Puja Mondal , Supriya Adhikary , Suparna Kundu , Angshuman Karmakar

Post-quantum cryptography currently rests on a small number of hardness assumptions, posing significant risks should any one of them be compromised. This vulnerability motivates the search for new and cryptographically versatile assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Jonathan Z. Lu , Alexander Poremba , Yihui Quek , Akshar Ramkumar

The security of public-key cryptosystems is mostly based on number theoretic problems like factorization and the discrete logarithm. There exists an algorithm which solves these problems in polynomial time using a quantum computer. Hence,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Sven Puchinger , Sven Müelich , Karim Ishak , Martin Bossert

The quantum threat to cybersecurity has accelerated the standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). Migrating legacy software to these quantum-safe algorithms is not a simple library swap, but a new software engineering challenge:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Lei Zhang

The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to modern cryptographic systems, necessitating the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This study evaluates the support for PQC algorithms within nine widely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Nadeem Ahmed , Lei Zhang , Aryya Gangopadhyay

Quantum key distribution (QKD) was conceived by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in December of 1984. In the ensuing 39 years QKD systems have been deployed around the world to provide secure encryption for terrestrial as well as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 John J. Prisco

With the rapid advancements in quantum computing, traditional cryptographic schemes like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) are becoming vulnerable, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Omar Alnaseri , Yassine Himeur , Shadi Atalla , Wathiq Mansoor

Lattice based encryption schemes and linear code based encryption schemes have received extensive attention in recent years since they have been considered as post-quantum candidate encryption schemes. Though LLL reduction algorithm has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Yongge Wang

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the implications of quantum computing in present cryptography and to introduce the reader to basic post-quantum algorithms. In particular the reader can delve into the following subjects: present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Vasileios Mavroeidis , Kamer Vishi , Mateusz D. Zych , Audun Jøsang

The advent of quantum computing threatens the security of classical public-key cryptographic systems, prompting the transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). While PQC has been analyzed in theory, its performance in practical wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sanzida Hoque , Abdullah Aydeger , Engin Zeydan , Madhusanka Liyanage

We demonstrate that the framework of bounded quantum reference frames has application to building quantum-public-key cryptographic protocols and proving their security. Thus, the framework we introduce can be seen as a public-key analogue…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-16 Lawrence M. Ioannou , Michele Mosca

Most currently used cryptographic tools for protecting data are based on certain computational assumptions, which makes them vulnerable with respect to technological and algorithmic developments, such as quantum computing. One existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-28 Aleksey K. Fedorov

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) allows secure and privacy-protected computation on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it. Since Shor's algorithm rendered prime factorisation and discrete logarithm-based ciphers insecure with quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Arathi Arakala , Amy Beth Corman , Asha Rao

The emergence of quantum computing poses a fundamental threat to current public key cryptographic systems. This threat is necessitating a transition to quantum resistant cryptographic alternatives in all the applications. In this work, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Aditi Gandhi , Aakankshya Das , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri