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The article focuses on the issue of the two definitions of charge, mainly the gauge charge and the effective charge of fundamental particles. Most textbooks on classical electromagnetism and quantum field theory only works with the gauge…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-05-28 Kaushik Bhattacharya

Free energy is arguably the most importance function(al) for understanding of molecular systems. A number of rigorous and approximate free energy calculation/estimation methods have been developed over many decades. One important issue, the…

General Physics · Physics 2016-08-23 Pu Tian

The issue of ontology in quantum mechanics, or equivalently the issue of the reality of the wave function is critically examined within standard quantum theory. It is argued that though no strict ontology is possible within quantum theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-05 N. D. Hari Dass

We consider overdamped physical systems evolving under a feedback-controlled fluctuating potential and in contact with a thermal bath at temperature $T$. A Markovian description of the dynamics, which keeps only the last value of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-12 Natalia Ruiz-Pino , Antonio Prados

In the knowledge engineering community "ontology" is usually defined in the tradition of Gruber as an "explicit specification of a conceptualization". Several variations of this definition exist. In the paper we argue that (with one notable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Fabian Neuhaus

One of the basic observations of the classical world is that physical entities are real and can be distinguished from each other. However, within quantum theory, the idea of physical realism is not well established. A framework to analyse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Shubhayan Sarkar

Quantum logical axiomatic systems for quantum theory usually include a postulate that a lattice under consideration is orthomodular. We propose a derivation of orthomodularity from an information-theoretic axiom. This provides conceptual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Alexei Grinbaum

In this paper, it is demonstrated that there is a parallelism between the relational interpretation of Rovelli and the interpretation of soft matter based on intermediate asymptotics. The general interpretation of physics strongly assumes…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Hirokazu Maruoka

It is maintained that the phenomenon of entanglement, as presented by Bohm, admits, for every observation, a subjective interpretation which is free from action at a distance or superluminal transmission of information.

General Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vittorio Cantoni

It has long been known that the relative entropy of a non-equilibrium ensemble to the corresponding equilibrium ensemble is the excess free energy. We show that the reverse relative entropy also has a thermodynamic interpretation: it is the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-18 Gavin E. Crooks

This work explores the connection between logical independence and the algebraic structure of quantum mechanics. Building on results by Brukner et al., it introduces the notion of \textit{onto-epistemic ignorance}: situations in which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Marcello Poletti

A modern assessment of the classical Boltzmann-Schuetz argument for large-scale entropy fluctuations as the origin of our observable cosmological domain is given. The emphasis is put on the central implication of this picture which flatly…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Milan M. Cirkovic

In this paper, we investigate whether Variational Principles can be associated with the Helmholtz equation subject to impedance (absorbing) boundary conditions. This model has been extensively studied in the literature from both…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 G. Makrakis , C. Makridakis , D. Mitsoudis , M. Plexousakis , T. Pryer

Based on empirical evidence from a free word order language (German) we propose a fundamental revision of the principles guiding the ordering of discourse entities in the forward-looking centers within the centering model. We claim that…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Michael Strube , Udo Hahn

A proof is given, at a greater level of generality than previous 'no-go' theorems, of the impossibility of formulating a modal interpretation that exhibits 'serious' Lorentz invariance at the fundamental level. Particular attention is given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wayne C. Myrvold

The last decade has seen huge progress in the development of advanced machine learning models; however, those models are powerless unless human users can interpret them. Here we show how the mind's construction of concepts and meaning can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-04 Nick Condry

Everett's interpretation of quantum mechanics was proposed to avoid problems inherent in the prevailing interpretational frame. It assumes that quantum mechanics can be applied to any system and that the state vector always evolves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-03 Louis Marchildon

We show that in the Maxwell-Lorentz theory of classical electrodynamics most initial values for fields and particles lead to an ill-defined dynamics, as they exhibit singularities or discontinuities along light-cones. This phenomenon…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-09-25 Vera Hartenstein , Mario Hubert

Independence and conditional independence are fundamental concepts for reasoning about groups of random variables in probabilistic programs. Verification methods for independence are still nascent, and existing methods cannot handle…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Jialu Bao , Simon Docherty , Justin Hsu , Alexandra Silva

The energies of a pair of strongly-interacting subsystems with arbitrary noninteger charges are examined from closed and open system perspectives. An ensemble representation of the charge dependence is derived, valid at all interaction…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 Steven M. Valone , Susan R. Atlas