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Automatic hate speech detection is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasetd, leading to poor generalization. We employ pretrained language models (LMs) to alleviate this data bottleneck. We utilize the GPT LM for generating large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Implicit hate speech (IHS) is indirect language that conveys prejudice or hatred through subtle cues, sarcasm or coded terminology. IHS is challenging to detect as it does not include explicit derogatory or inflammatory words. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Vassiliy Cheremetiev , Quang Long Ho Ngo , Chau Ying Kot , Alina Elena Baia , Andrea Cavallaro

Hate detection has long been a challenging task for the NLP community. The task becomes complex in a code-mixed environment because the models must understand the context and the hate expressed through language alteration. Compared to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Debajyoti Mazumder , Aakash Kumar , Jasabanta Patro

Hate speech frequently appears on social media platforms and urgently needs to be effectively controlled. Alleviating the bias caused by hate speech can help resolve various ethical issues. Although existing research has constructed several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Hongyan Wu , Zhengming Chen , Zijian Li , Nankai Lin , Lianxi Wang , Shengyi Jiang , Aimin Yang

Hate speech poses a serious threat to social cohesion and individual well-being, particularly on social media, where it spreads rapidly. While research on hate speech detection has progressed, it remains largely focused on English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Paloma Piot , José Ramom Pichel Campos , Javier Parapar

Online hate speech and abusive language pose a growing challenge for content moderation, especially in multilingual settings and for low-resource languages such as Lithuanian. This paper investigates to what extent modern multilingual…

Bias mitigation approaches reduce models' dependence on sensitive features of data, such as social group tokens (SGTs), resulting in equal predictions across the sensitive features. In hate speech detection, however, equalizing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Ali Omrani , Brendan Kennedy , Mohammad Atari , Xiang Ren , Morteza Dehghani

This paper presents a unified user profiling framework to identify hate speech spreaders by processing their tweets regardless of the language. The framework encodes the tweets with sentence transformers and applies an attention mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Ipek Baris Schlicht , Angel Felipe Magnossão de Paula

The detection of hate speech online has become an important task, as offensive language such as hurtful, obscene and insulting content can harm marginalized people or groups. This paper presents TU Berlin team experiments and results on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Salar Mohtaj , Vera Schmitt , Sebastian Möller

The rise in the number of social media users has led to an increase in the hateful content posted online. In countries like India, where multiple languages are spoken, these abhorrent posts are from an unusual blend of code-switched…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Kshitij Rajput , Raghav Kapoor , Kaushal Rai , Preeti Kaur

The widespread presence of hate speech on the internet, including formats such as text-based tweets and vision-language memes, poses a significant challenge to digital platform safety. Recent research has developed detection models tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ming Shan Hee , Aditi Kumaresan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Memes are widely used for humor and cultural commentary, but they are increasingly exploited to spread hateful content. Due to their multimodal nature, hateful memes often evade traditional text-only or image-only detection systems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ali Anaissi , Junaid Akram , Kunal Chaturvedi , Ali Braytee

Hate speech detection is a challenging problem with most of the datasets available in only one language: English. In this paper, we conduct a large scale analysis of multilingual hate speech in 9 languages from 16 different sources. We…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Sai Saketh Aluru , Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Animesh Mukherjee

Numerous machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-based approaches have been proposed to utilize textual data from social media for anti-social behavior analysis like cyberbullying, fake news detection, and identification of hate speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Md. Rezaul Karim , Sumon Kanti Dey , Tanhim Islam , Md. Shajalal , Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi

Online harassment in the form of hate speech has been on the rise in recent years. Addressing the issue requires a combination of content moderation by people, aided by automatic detection methods. As content moderation is itself harmful to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Vanessa Murdock

Dehumanization, i.e., denying human qualities to individuals or groups, is a particularly harmful form of hate speech that can normalize violence against marginalized communities. Despite advances in NLP for detecting general hate speech,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Hamidreza Saffari , Mohammadamin Shafiei , Hezhao Zhang , Lasana Harris , Nafise Sadat Moosavi

In the day and age of social media, users have become prone to online hate speech. Several attempts have been made to classify hate speech using machine learning but the state-of-the-art models are not robust enough for practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Tashvik Dhamija , Anjum , Rahul Katarya

Our study addresses a significant gap in online hate speech detection research by focusing on homophobia, an area often neglected in sentiment analysis research. Utilising advanced sentiment analysis models, particularly BERT, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Josh McGiff , Nikola S. Nikolov

Hate speech detection is a common downstream application of natural language processing (NLP) in the real world. In spite of the increasing accuracy, current data-driven approaches could easily learn biases from the imbalanced data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yi Cai , Arthur Zimek , Gerhard Wunder , Eirini Ntoutsi

Disparate biases associated with datasets and trained classifiers in hateful and abusive content identification tasks have raised many concerns recently. Although the problem of biased datasets on abusive language detection has been…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Marzieh Mozafari , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi