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Related papers: Individualized treatment rules under stochastic tr…

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This article discusses the application of stochastic intervention to find the optimal treatment distribution yielding a high value of expected potential outcome under the setting where the number of treatments is allowed to vary with $n$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Rohit Chaudhuri

Individualized treatment rules tailor treatments to patients based on clinical, demographic, and other characteristics. Estimation of individualized treatment rules requires the identification of individuals who benefit most from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-06 Junwei Shen , Erica E. M. Moodie , Shirin Golchi

Randomized controlled trials typically analyze the effectiveness of treatments with the goal of making treatment recommendations for patient subgroups. With the advance of electronic health records, a great variety of data has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zhiliang Wu , Yinchong Yang , Yunpu Ma , Yushan Liu , Rui Zhao , Michael Moor , Volker Tresp

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a decision rule that aims to improve individual patients health outcomes by recommending optimal treatments according to patients specific information. In observational studies, collected data may…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-03 Zeyu Bian , Erica EM Moodie , Susan M Shortreed , Sylvie D Lambert , Sahir Bhatnagar

We develop a mathematical framework to define an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) within the context of prioritized outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Our optimality criterion is based on the framework of generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 François Petit , Gérard Biau , Raphaël Porcher

Randomized trials typically estimate average relative treatment effects, but decisions on the benefit of a treatment are possibly better informed by more individualized predictions of the absolute treatment effect. In case of a binary…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-20 J Hoogland , J IntHout , M Belias , MM Rovers , RD Riley , FE Harrell , KGM Moons , TPA Debray , JB Reitsma

When to initiate treatment on patients is an important problem in many medical studies such as AIDS and cancer. In this article, we formulate the treatment initiation time problem for time-to-event data and propose an optimal individualized…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-30 Xin Chen , Rui Song , Jiajia Zhang , Swann Arp Adams , Liuquan Sun , Wenbin Lu

Interference occurs when the potential outcomes of a unit depend on the treatment of others. Interference can be highly heterogeneous, where treating certain individuals might have a larger effect on the population's overall outcome. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-11 Samantha G Dean , Georgia Papadogeorgou , Laura Forastiere

I examine the problem of treatment choice when a planner observes (i) covariates that describe each member of a population of interest and (ii) the outcomes of an experiment in which subjects randomly drawn from this population are randomly…

Applications · Statistics 2013-02-01 Charles F. Manski

Personalized decision-making, aiming to derive optimal treatment regimes based on individual characteristics, has recently attracted increasing attention in many fields, such as medicine, social services, and economics. Current literature…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-28 Jianing Chu , Wenbin Lu , Shu Yang

The individualized treatment rule (ITR), which recommends an optimal treatment based on individual characteristics, has drawn considerable interest from many areas such as precision medicine, personalized education, and personalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-28 Qi Xu , Haoda Fu , Annie Qu

We propose a novel personalized concept for the optimal treatment selection for a situation where the response is a multivariate vector, that could contain right-censored variables such as survival time. The proposed method can be applied…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Chathura Siriwardhana , K. B. Kulasekera , Somnath Datta

A novel functional additive model is proposed which is uniquely modified and constrained to model nonlinear interactions between a treatment indicator and a potentially large number of functional and/or scalar pretreatment covariates. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-26 Hyung Park , Eva Petkova , Thaddeus Tarpey , R. Todd Ogden

Many policies involve dynamics in their treatment assignments, where individuals receive sequential interventions over multiple stages. We study estimation of an optimal dynamic treatment regime that guides the optimal treatment assignment…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-04 Shosei Sakaguchi

Recent methodological research in causal inference has focused on effects of stochastic interventions, which assign treatment randomly, often according to subject-specific covariates. In this work, we demonstrate that the usual notion of…

The focus of this paper is on quantifying the capacity of covariates in devising efficient treatment rules when data from a randomized trial are available. Conventional one-variable-at-a-time subgroup analysis based on statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2020-02-04 Mohsen Sadatsafavi , Mohammad Mansournia , Paul Gustafson

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, researchers are reporting findings of randomized trials comparing standard care with care augmented by experimental drugs. The trials have small sample sizes, so estimates of treatment effects are…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-06-02 Charles F. Manski , Aleksey Tetenov

There is a fast-growing literature on estimating optimal treatment rules directly by maximizing the expected outcome. In biomedical studies and operations applications, censored survival outcome is frequently observed, in which case the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Yifan Cui , Junyi Liu , Tao Shen , Zhengling Qi , Xi Chen

In consequential domains, it is often impossible to compel individuals to take treatment, so that optimal policy rules are merely suggestions in the presence of human non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We study personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Angela Zhou

Precision medicine leverages patient heterogeneity to estimate individualized treatment regimens, formalized, data-driven approaches designed to match patients with optimal treatments. In the presence of competing events, where multiple…