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Modern vehicles rely on scores of electronic control units (ECUs) broadcasting messages over a few controller area networks (CANs). Bereft of security features, in-vehicle CANs are exposed to cyber manipulation and multiple researches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Zachariah Tyree , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs , Michael R. Moore

Modern vehicles rely on a fleet of electronic control units (ECUs) connected through controller area network (CAN) buses for critical vehicular control. With the expansion of advanced connectivity features in automobiles and the elevated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Md Hasan Shahriar , Yang Xiao , Pablo Moriano , Wenjing Lou , Y. Thomas Hou

High-end vehicles have been furnished with a number of electronic control units (ECUs), which provide upgrading functions to enhance the driving experience. The controller area network (CAN) is a well-known protocol that connects these ECUs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

Modern vehicles contain a few controller area networks (CANs), which allow scores of on-board electronic control units (ECUs) to communicate messages critical to vehicle functions and driver safety. CAN provide a lightweight and reliable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Krzysztof Pawelec , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs

Data for controlling a vehicle is exchanged among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) via in-vehicle network protocols such as the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Since these protocols are designed for an isolated network, the protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Sang Uk Sagong , Radha Poovendran , Linda Bushnell

Nowadays with the help of advanced technology, modern vehicles are not only made up of mechanical devices but also consist of highly complex electronic devices and connections to the outside world. There are around 70 Electronic Control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Omid Avatefipour , Hafiz Malik

Previous research works have endorsed the use of delays and clock skews for detecting intrusions or fingerprinting ECUs on the CAN bus. Similar techniques have been also proposed for establishing a time-covert cryptographic authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Bogdan Groza , Lucian Popa , Pal-Stefan Murvay

The progression of innovation and technology and ease of inter-connectivity among networks has allowed us to evolve towards one of the promising areas, the Internet of Vehicles. Nowadays, modern vehicles are connected to a range of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Ajeet Kumar Dwivedi

The security of modern vehicles has become increasingly important, with the controller area network (CAN) bus serving as a critical communication backbone for various Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The absence of robust security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Stefano Longari , Paolo Cerracchio , Michele Carminati , Stefano Zanero

Recent research has highlighted the vulnerability of in-vehicle network protocols such as controller area networks (CAN) and proposed machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) as an effective mitigation technique. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Shashwat Khandelwal , Shreejith Shanker

Modern vehicles rely on electronic control units (ECUs) interconnected through the Controller Area Network (CAN), making in-vehicle communication a critical security concern. Machine learning (ML)-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nirab Hossain , Pablo Moriano

Recent advancements in 3D-printing/additive manufacturing has brought forth a new interest in the use of Controller Area Network (CAN) for multi-module, plug-and-play bus support for their embedded systems. CAN systems provide a variety of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tyler Cultice , Himanshu Thapliyal

With the development of autonomous vehicle technology, the controller area network (CAN) bus has become the de facto standard for an in-vehicle communication system because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, without any encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

Automotive systems continuously increase their dependency on Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and become more interconnected to improve safety, comfort and Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) functions to passengers and drivers. As a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Shabbir Ahmed , Marcio Juliato , Christopher Gutierrez , Manoj Sastry

A Controller Area Network (CAN) bus in the vehicles is an efficient standard bus enabling communication between all Electronic Control Units (ECU). However, CAN bus is not enough to protect itself because of lack of security features. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Eunbi Seo , Hyun Min Song , Huy Kang Kim

The integration of digital devices in modern vehicles has revolutionized automotive technology, enhancing safety and the overall driving experience. The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a central system for managing in-vehicle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Lorenzo Guerra , Linhan Xu , Paolo Bellavista , Thomas Chapuis , Guillaume Duc , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Van-Tam Nguyen

This paper introduces a real-time method for reverse engineering a vehicle's CAN bus without prior knowledge of the vehicle or its CAN system. By comparing inertial measurement and CAN data during significant vehicle events, the method…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Kevin Setterstrom , Jeremy Straub

Modern vehicles may contain a considerable number of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) which are connected through various means of communication, with the CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol being the most widely used. However, several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Robert Buttigieg , Mario Farrugia , Clyde Meli

The operation of many network communication protocols require accurate time synchronization between nodes. In the automotive space, IEEE 802.3bw (commonly referred to as automotive ethernet) is quickly becoming the most popular in-vehicle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-26 Rishikesh Kakade , Joey Chou , Shannon Torcato

As the central nerve of the intelligent vehicle control system, the in-vehicle network bus is crucial to the security of vehicle driving. One of the best standards for the in-vehicle network is the Controller Area Network (CAN bus)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yongqi Dong , Kejia Chen , Yinxuan Peng , Zhiyuan Ma