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Legibility of robot motion is critical in human-robot interaction, as it allows humans to quickly infer a robot's intended goal. Although traditional trajectory generation methods typically prioritize efficiency, they often fail to make the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Wenli Shi , Clemence Grislain , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

Methods for scoring text readability have been studied for over a century, and are widely used in research and in user-facing applications in many domains. Thus far, the development and evaluation of such methods have primarily relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Keren Gruteke Klein , Shachar Frenkel , Omer Shubi , Yevgeni Berzak

With the increasing presence of social robots in various environments and applications, there is an increasing need for these robots to exhibit socially-compliant behaviors. Legible motion, characterized by the ability of a robot to clearly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Javad Amirian , Mouad Abrini , Mohamed Chetouani

A multiagent sequential decision problem has been seen in many critical applications including urban transportation, autonomous driving cars, military operations, etc. Its widely known solution, namely multiagent reinforcement learning, has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yanyu Liu , Yinghui Pan , Yifeng Zeng , Biyang Ma , Doshi Prashant

Reading code is an essential activity in software maintenance and evolution. Several studies with human subjects have investigated how different factors, such as the employed programming constructs and naming conventions, can impact code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Bruno , Fernanda Madeiral , Fernando Castor

Ideally, robots should move in ways that maximize the knowledge gained about the state of both their internal system and the external operating environment. Trajectory design is a challenging problem that has been investigated from a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Christopher Grebe , Emmett Wise , Jonathan Kelly

Automatic readability assessment plays a key role in ensuring effective and accessible written communication. Despite significant progress, the field is hindered by inconsistent definitions of readability and measurements that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Catarina G Belem , Parker Glenn , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

The environments in which the collaboration of a robot would be the most helpful to a person are frequently uncontrolled and cluttered with many objects present. Legible robot arm motion is crucial in tasks like these in order to avoid…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Melanie Schmidt-Wolf , Tyler Becker , Denielle Oliva , Monica Nicolescu , David Feil-Seifer

As both legged robots and embedded compute have become more capable, researchers have started to focus on field deployment of these robots. Robust autonomy in unstructured environments requires perception of the world around the robot in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Hersh Sanghvi

Human--robot interaction requires robots whose actions are legible, allowing humans to interpret, predict, and feel safe around them. This study investigates the legibility of humanoid robot arm movements in a pointing task, aiming to…

In cooperative environments, such as in factories or assistive scenarios, it is important for a robot to communicate its intentions to observers, who could be either other humans or robots. A legible trajectory allows an observer to quickly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ananya Yammanuru , Maria Lusardi , Nancy M. Amato , Katherine Driggs-Campbell

In this paper we investigate the notion of legibility in sequential decision tasks under uncertainty. Previous works that extend legibility to scenarios beyond robot motion either focus on deterministic settings or are computationally too…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Miguel Faria , Francisco S. Melo , Ana Paiva

Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path planning. This task is very complex, as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of possible future…

Robust motion planning is a well-studied problem in the robotics literature, yet current algorithms struggle to operate scalably and safely in the presence of other moving agents, such as humans. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

We present SLOT-V, a novel supervised learning framework that learns observer models (human preferences) from robot motion trajectories in a legibility context. Legibility measures how easily a (human) observer can infer the robot's goal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Sebastian Wallkotter , Mohamed Chetouani , Ginevra Castellano

We present a set of novel neural supervised and unsupervised approaches for determining the readability of documents. In the unsupervised setting, we leverage neural language models, whereas in the supervised setting, three different neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Matej Martinc , Senja Pollak , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Trustworthiness is a crucial concept in the context of human-robot interaction. Cooperative robots must be transparent regarding their decision-making process, especially when operating in a human-oriented environment. This paper presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Tuba Girgin , Emre Girgin , Yigit Yildirim , Emre Ugur , Mehmet Haklidir

Judging the readability of text has many important applications, for instance when performing text simplification or when sourcing reading material for language learners. In this paper, we present a 518 participant study which investigates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Sian Gooding , Yevgeni Berzak , Tony Mak , Matt Sharifi

Mobile robots have recently been deployed in public spaces such as shopping malls, airports, and urban sidewalks. Most of these robots are designed with human-aware motion planning capabilities but are not designed to communicate with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Nicholas J. Hetherington , Elizabeth A. Croft , H. F. Machiel Van der Loos

In this work, we aim to enable legged robots to learn how to interpret human social cues and produce appropriate behaviors through physical human guidance. However, learning through physical engagement can place a heavy burden on users when…

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