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We introduce a new class of sequential Monte Carlo methods which reformulates the essence of the nested sampling method of Skilling (2006) in terms of sequential Monte Carlo techniques. Two new algorithms are proposed, nested sampling via…

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods that leverage search are responsible for many milestone breakthroughs in RL. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) recently emerged as an alternative to the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Joery A. de Vries , Pascal R. van der Vaart , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Wendelin Böhmer

Bayesian inference allows us to define a posterior distribution over the weights of a generic neural network (NN). Exact posteriors are usually intractable, in which case approximations can be employed. One such approximation - variational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Andrew Millard , Joshua Murphy , Peter Green , Simon Maskell

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods are not only a popular tool in the analysis of state space models, but offer an alternative to MCMC in situations where Bayesian inference must proceed via simulation. This paper introduces a new SMC…

Computation · Statistics 2010-05-11 Paul Fearnhead , Benjamin M. Taylor

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has shown its strength for a lot of deterministic and stochastic examples, but literature lacks reports of applications to real world industrial processes. Common reasons for this are that there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Dorina Weichert , Felix Horchler , Alexander Kister , Marcus Trost , Johannes Hartung , Stefan Risse

This paper is on Bayesian inference for parametric statistical models that are defined by a stochastic simulator which specifies how data is generated. Exact sampling is then possible but evaluating the likelihood function is typically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-02 Borislav Ikonomov , Michael U. Gutmann

Adaptive importance sampling (AIS) methods are increasingly used for the approximation of distributions and related intractable integrals in the context of Bayesian inference. Population Monte Carlo (PMC) algorithms are a subclass of AIS…

Computation · Statistics 2022-06-08 Víctor Elvira , Émilie Chouzenoux

In many problems, complex non-Gaussian and/or nonlinear models are required to accurately describe a physical system of interest. In such cases, Monte Carlo algorithms are remarkably flexible and extremely powerful approaches to solve such…

Computation · Statistics 2015-04-23 Thi Le Thu Nguyen , Francois Septier , Gareth W. Peters , Yves Delignon

It is common practice to use large computational resources to train neural networks, as is known from many examples, such as reinforcement learning applications. However, while massively parallel computing is often used for training models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Xiufeng Yang , Tanuj Kr Aasawat , Kazuki Yoshizoe

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are powerful computational tools for analysis of complex statistical problems. However, their computational efficiency is highly dependent on the chosen proposal distribution, which is generally…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-02 Isambi S. Mbalawata , Simo Särkkä , Matti Vihola , Heikki Haario

The Self-Learning Monte Carlo (SLMC) method is a Monte Carlo approach that has emerged in recent years by integrating concepts from machine learning with conventional Monte Carlo techniques. Designed to accelerate the numerical study of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-18 Gaopei Pan , Chuang Chen , Zi Yang Meng

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a class of popular methods for expensive black-box optimization, and has been widely applied to many scenarios. However, BO suffers from the curse of dimensionality, and scaling it to high-dimensional problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Lei Song , Ke Xue , Xiaobin Huang , Chao Qian

A core problem in statistics and probabilistic machine learning is to compute probability distributions and expectations. This is the fundamental problem of Bayesian statistics and machine learning, which frames all inference as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-06 Christian A. Naesseth , Fredrik Lindsten , Thomas B. Schön

This article presents MCTS-BN, an adaptation of the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm for the structural learning of Bayesian Networks (BNs). Initially designed for game tree exploration, MCTS has been repurposed to address the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jorge D. Laborda , Pablo Torrijos , José M. Puerta , José A. Gámez

Resilience is becoming crucial for future wireless networks, which must withstand, adapt to, and recover from rare but potentially cascading disruptions. This paper develops a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) simulation framework for such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Onel L. A. López , Amirhossein Azarbahram

Atomistic simulations provide valuable insights into the physical processes governing material behavior. However, their applicability is fundamentally constrained by the limited time scales accessible to brute-force simulations. This…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Michael Kim , Wei Cai

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is one of the most capable online search algorithms for sequential planning tasks, with significant applications in areas such as resource allocation and transit planning. Despite its strong performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ziyan An , Hendrik Baier , Abhishek Dubey , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

In the last few decades, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been widely applied to Bayesian updating of structural dynamic models in the field of structural health monitoring. Recently, several MCMC algorithms have been developed…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-29 Xianghao Meng , James L. Beck , Yong Huang , Hui Li

Continuous-time random disturbances from the renewable generation pose a significant impact on power system dynamic behavior. In evaluating this impact, the disturbances must be considered as continuous-time random processes instead of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-09 Yiwei Qiu , Jin Lin , Xiaoshuang Chen , Feng Liu , Yonghua Song

Importance sampling (IS) is commonly used for cross validation (CV) in Bayesian models, because it only involves reweighting existing posterior draws without needing to re-estimate the model by re-running Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).…

Computation · Statistics 2025-08-12 Geonhee Han , Andrew Gelman