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Adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks via full fine-tuning is increasingly impractical due to its computational and memory demands. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jing Gao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Pan Zhang , Ze-Feng Gao

Recent advances in large language and vision-language models have enabled zero-shot inference, allowing models to solve new tasks without task-specific training. Various adaptation techniques such as prompt engineering, In-Context Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Artyom Gadetsky , Andrei Atanov , Yulun Jiang , Zhitong Gao , Ghazal Hosseini Mighan , Amir Zamir , Maria Brbic

Active learning is typically used to label data, when the labeling process is expensive. Several active learning algorithms have been theoretically proved to perform better than their passive counterpart. However, these algorithms rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Boris Ndjia Njike , Xavier Siebert

Despite their recent success, deep neural networks continue to perform poorly when they encounter distribution shifts at test time. Many recently proposed approaches try to counter this by aligning the model to the new distribution prior to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Samarth Sinha , Peter Gehler , Francesco Locatello , Bernt Schiele

Incremental Learning (IL) aims to learn new tasks while preserving previously acquired knowledge. Integrating the zero-shot learning capabilities of pre-trained vision-language models into IL methods has marked a significant advancement.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Haihua Luo , Xuming Ran , Jiangrong Shen , Timo Hämäläinen , Zhonghua Chen , Qi Xu , Fengyu Cong

Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) is a popular method to perform interpretability of any kind of Machine Learning (ML) model. It explains one ML prediction at a time, by learning a simple linear model around the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Giorgio Visani , Enrico Bagli , Federico Chesani

Real-world time series often exhibit a non-stationary nature, degrading the performance of pre-trained forecasting models. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adjusting models during inference, but existing methods typically update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Heitor R. Medeiros , Hossein Sharifi-Noghabi , Gabriel L. Oliveira , Saghar Irandoust

Various adaptation methods, such as LoRA, prompts, and adapters, have been proposed to enhance the performance of pre-trained vision-language models in specific domains. The robustness of these adaptation methods against distribution shifts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Shuo Chen , Jindong Gu , Zhen Han , Yunpu Ma , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp

Large Language Models (LLMs), with billions of parameters, present significant challenges for full finetuning due to the high computational demands, memory requirements, and impracticality of many real-world applications. When faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jonathan Svirsky , Yehonathan Refael , Ofir Lindenbaum

The standard supervised learning paradigm works effectively when training data shares the same distribution as the upcoming testing samples. However, this stationary assumption is often violated in real-world applications, especially when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yong Bai , Yu-Jie Zhang , Peng Zhao , Masashi Sugiyama , Zhi-Hua Zhou

In the last decade, the generalization and adaptation abilities of deep learning models were typically evaluated on fixed training and test distributions. Contrary to traditional deep learning, large language models (LLMs) are (i) even more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Fırat Öncel , Matthias Bethge , Beyza Ermis , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan , Çağatay Yıldız

Learning-augmented algorithms have received significant attention in recent years, particularly in the context of online optimization. Motivated by the high computational cost of generating predictions, a growing line of work studies the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yongho Shin , Phanu Vajanopath

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

We propose CAVIA for meta-learning, a simple extension to MAML that is less prone to meta-overfitting, easier to parallelise, and more interpretable. CAVIA partitions the model parameters into two parts: context parameters that serve as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Luisa M Zintgraf , Kyriacos Shiarlis , Vitaly Kurin , Katja Hofmann , Shimon Whiteson

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) achieve remarkable performance in sequential decision-making but remain fragile to subtle environmental shifts, such as small changes in object pose. We attribute this brittleness to trajectory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zehua Zang , Xi Wang , Fuchun Sun , Xiao Xu , Lixiang Lium , Jiahuan Zhou , Jiangmeng Li

To fully leverage the advantages of large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs) on downstream tasks, it has become a ubiquitous adaptation paradigm to fine-tune the entire parameters of PLMs. However, this paradigm poses issues of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Anchun Gui , Han Xiao

Optimal configuration of the learning rate (LR) is a fundamental yet formidable challenge in large-scale pre-training. Given the stringent trade-off between training costs and model performance, the pivotal question is whether the optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yunhua Zhou , Shuhao Xing , Junhao Huang , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo

Capitalizing on large pre-trained models for various downstream tasks of interest have recently emerged with promising performance. Due to the ever-growing model size, the standard full fine-tuning based task adaptation strategy becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Junting Pan , Ziyi Lin , Xiatian Zhu , Jing Shao , Hongsheng Li

Despite its popularity, several recent works question the effectiveness of MAML when test tasks are different from training tasks, thus suggesting various task-conditioned methodology to improve the initialization. Instead of searching for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Sungyong Baik , Myungsub Choi , Janghoon Choi , Heewon Kim , Kyoung Mu Lee

Rule-based adaptation is a foundational approach to self-adaptation, characterized by its human readability and rapid response. However, building high-performance and robust adaptation rules is often a challenge because it essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yusei Ishimizu , Jialong Li , Jinglue Xu , Jinyu Cai , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei
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