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RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has become an exemplar technology in modern biology and clinical applications over the past decade. It has gained immense popularity in the recent years driven by continuous efforts of the bioinformatics community…

Background: High-throughput techniques bring novel tools but also statistical challenges to genomic research. Identifying genes with differential expression between different species is an effective way to discover evolutionarily conserved…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-05 Yan Zhou , Jiadi Zhu , Tiejun Tong , Junhui Wang , Bingqing Lin , Jun Zhang

RNA-Seq is a widely-used method for studying the behavior of genes under different biological conditions. An essential step in an RNA-Seq study is normalization, in which raw data are adjusted to account for factors that prevent direct…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-06 Ciaran Evans , Johanna Hardin , Daniel Stoebel

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is the conventional genome-scale approach used to capture the expression levels of all detectable genes in a biological sample. This is now regularly used for population-based studies designed to identify genetic…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Christopher Thron , Farhad Jafari

High-throughput sequencing of RNA transcripts (RNA-seq) has become the method of choice for detection of differential expression (DE). Concurrent with the growing popularity of this technology there has been a significant research effort…

Ultra high-throughput sequencing of transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) is a widely used method for quantifying gene expression levels due to its low cost, high accuracy and wide dynamic range for detection. However, the nature of RNA-Seq makes it…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-30 Hui Jiang , Tianyu Zhan

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a routinely used technique to quantify the gene expression profile of thousands of single cells simultaneously. Analysis of scRNA-seq data plays an important role in the study of cell states…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2022-10-13 Matthew Brendel , Chang Su , Zilong Bai , Hao Zhang , Olivier Elemento , Fei Wang

In recent years, the advances in single-cell RNA-seq techniques have enabled us to perform large-scale transcriptomic profiling at single-cell resolution in a high-throughput manner. Unsupervised learning such as data clustering has become…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2020-01-07 Shixiong Zhang , Xiangtao Li , Qiuzhen Lin , Ka-Chun Wong

Normalization techniques are essential for accelerating the training and improving the generalization of deep neural networks (DNNs), and have successfully been used in various applications. This paper reviews and comments on the past,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Lei Huang , Jie Qin , Yi Zhou , Fan Zhu , Li Liu , Ling Shao

DNA storage is now being considered as a new archival storage method for its durability and high information density, but still facing some challenges like high costs and low throughput. By reducing sequencing sample size for decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ruiying Cao , Xin Chen

The newly developed deep-sequencing technologies make it possible to acquire both quantitative and qualitative information regarding transcript biology. By measuring messenger RNA levels for all genes in a sample, RNA-seq provides an…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2014-12-05 Lerong Li , Momiao Xiong

Deep shotgun sequencing and analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, amplified single-cell genomes, and metagenomes has enabled investigation of a wide range of organisms and ecosystems. However, sampling variation in short-read data sets and…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2012-05-22 C. Titus Brown , Adina Howe , Qingpeng Zhang , Alexis B. Pyrkosz , Timothy H. Brom

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has been rapidly adopted for the profiling of transcriptomes in many areas of biology, including studies into gene regulation, development and disease. Of particular interest is the discovery of differentially…

One pivotal feature of transcriptomics data is the unwanted variations caused by disparate experimental handling, known as handling effects. Various data normalization methods were developed to alleviate the adverse impact of handling…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-09 Ai Ni , Li-Xuan Qin

With ongoing developments and innovations in single-cell RNA sequencing methods, advancements in sequencing performance could empower significant discoveries as well as new emerging possibilities to address biological and medical…

Applications · Statistics 2019-12-19 Jiawei Long , Yu Xia

DNA microarrays are a relatively new technology that can simultaneously measure the expression level of thousands of genes. They have become an important tool for a wide variety of biological experiments. One of the most common goals of DNA…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-07-02 Eric Bair

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables gene expression profiling at cellular resolution but is inherently affected by sparsity caused by dropout events, where expressed genes are recorded as zeros due to technical…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-15 Yuichiro Iwashita , Ahtisham Fazeel Abbasi , Koichi Kise , Andreas Dengel , Muhammad Nabeel Asim

Background: Since the invention of next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies, they have become a powerful tool to study the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in biological samples and have revolutionized transcriptomic…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-01 Wei Vivian Li , Jingyi Jessica Li

Normalization is a critical step in quantitative analyses of biological processes. Recent works show that cross-platform integration and normalization enable machine learning (ML) training on RNA microarray and RNA-seq data, but no…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-30 Fei Deng , Catherine H Feng , Nan Gao , Lanjing Zhang

Alternative splicing is crucial in gene regulation, with significant implications in clinical settings and biotechnology. This review article compiles bioinformatics RNA-seq tools for investigating differential splicing; offering a detailed…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Ben J Draper , Mark J Dunning , David C James
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