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Distributed immutable ledgers, or blockchains, allow the secure digitization of evidential transactions without relying on a trusted third-party. Evidential transactions involve the exchange of any form of physical evidence, such as money,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zaynah Dargaye , Önder Gürcan , Florent Kirchner , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Smart contracts are small but highly security-critical programs that implement wallets, token systems, auctions, crowd funding systems, elections, and other multi-party transactions on the blockchain. A broad range of methods has been…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Norine Coenen , Bernd Finkbeiner , Jana Hofmann , Julia Tillman

Tezos is a smart-contract blockchain. Tezos smart contracts are written in a low-level stack-based language called Michelson. This article gives an overview of efforts using the Coq proof assistant to have stronger guarantees on Michelson…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Bruno Bernardo , Raphaël Cauderlier , Guillaume Claret , Arvid Jakobsson , Basile Pesin , Julien Tesson

Identity documentation for refugees is a complex process and crucial for host nations. A secured identity management system ensures both security and the efficient provision of services for the host nation and the donor organizations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Md Taimur Ahad , Yousuf Rayhan Emon

Smart contracts hold digital coins worth billions of dollars, their security issues have drawn extensive attention in the past years. Towards smart contract vulnerability detection, conventional methods heavily rely on fixed expert rules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiang Wang , Lei Zhu , Qinming He , Shouling Ji

Smart contracts are programs that implement potentially sophisticated transactions on modern blockchain platforms. In the rapidly evolving blockchain environment, smart contract programming languages must allow users to write expressive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Sam Blackshear , David L. Dill , Shaz Qadeer , Clark W. Barrett , John C. Mitchell , Oded Padon , Yoni Zohar

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, smart contract security has become a critical challenge. Existing smart contract vulnerability detection methods face three main issues: (1) Insufficient quality of datasets, lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Lei Yu , Shiqi Chen , Hang Yuan , Peng Wang , Zhirong Huang , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenjie Shen , Fengjun Zhang , Li Yang , Jiajia Ma

Smart contracts, integral to blockchain ecosystems, enable decentralized applications to execute predefined operations without intermediaries. Their ability to enforce trustless interactions has made them a core component of platforms such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mesut Ozdag

Smart contract, one of the most successful applications of blockchain, is taking the world by storm, playing an essential role in the blockchain ecosystem. However, frequent smart contract security incidents not only result in tremendous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Peng Qian , Zhenguang Liu , Qinming He , Butian Huang , Duanzheng Tian , Xun Wang

Smart contracts are frequently vulnerable to control-flow attacks based on confused deputies, reentrancy, and incorrect error handling. These attacks exploit the complexity of interactions among multiple possibly unknown contracts. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siqiu Yao , Haobin Ni , Stephanie Ma , Noah Schiff , Andrew C. Myers , Ethan Cecchetti

We put forward the idea that classical blockchains and smart contracts are potentially useful primitives not only for classical cryptography, but for quantum cryptography as well. Abstractly, a smart contract is a functionality that allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-04 Andrea Coladangelo

Smart contracts written in Solidity are programs used in blockchain networks, such as Etherium, for performing transactions. However, as with any piece of software, they are prone to errors and may present vulnerabilities, which malicious…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Kunjian Song , Nedas Matulevicius , Eddie B. de Lima Filho , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Cross-Blockchain communication has gained traction due to the increasing fragmentation of blockchain networks and scalability solutions such as side-chaining and sharding. With SmartSync, we propose a novel concept for cross-blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Martin Westerkamp , Axel Küpper

Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Lorenzo Benetollo , Carla Piazza , Michele Bugliesi , Sabina Rossi

Security bugs and trapdoors in smart contracts have been impacting the Ethereum community since its inception. Conceptually, the 1.45-million Ethereum's contracts form a single "gigantic program" whose behaviors are determined by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Thomas Ball , Nikolaj S. Bjørner , Ashley J. Chen , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Tzu-Han Hsu , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

We present Solythesis, a source to source Solidity compiler which takes a smart contract code and a user specified invariant as the input and produces an instrumented contract that rejects all transactions that violate the invariant. The…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Ao Li , Jemin Andrew Choi , Fan Long

Smart contracts manage a large number of digital assets nowadays. Bugs in these contracts have led to significant financial loss. Verifying the correctness of smart contracts is, therefore, an important task. This paper presents an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Haoxian Chen , Lan Lu , Brendan Massey , Yuepeng Wang , Boon Thau Loo

With the development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have become an important component of blockchain applications. Despite their crucial role, the development of smart contracts may introduce vulnerabilities and potentially lead…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Chong Chen , Jianzhong Su , Jiachi Chen , Yanlin Wang , Tingting Bi , Jianxing Yu , Yanli Wang , Xingwei Lin , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng

Modern blockchains support a variety of distributed applications beyond cryptocurrencies, including smart contracts -- which let users execute arbitrary code in a distributed and decentralized fashion. Regardless of their intended…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Orestis Alpos , Christian Cachin , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Luca Zanolini

We present an end-to-end framework for systematic evaluation of LLM-generated smart contracts from natural-language specifications. The system parses contractual text into structured schemas, generates Solidity code, and performs automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Abhinav Goel , Chaitya Shah , Agostino Capponi , Alfio Gliozzo