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Conversational question answering aims to provide natural-language answers to users in information-seeking conversations. Existing conversational QA benchmarks compare models with pre-collected human-human conversations, using ground-truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Huihan Li , Tianyu Gao , Manan Goenka , Danqi Chen

In contrast with goal-oriented dialogue, social dialogue has no clear measure of task success. Consequently, evaluation of these systems is notoriously hard. In this paper, we review current evaluation methods, focusing on automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Amanda Cercas Curry , Helen Hastie , Verena Rieser

To overcome the limitations of automated metrics (e.g. BLEU, METEOR) for evaluating dialogue systems, researchers typically use human judgments to provide convergent evidence. While it has been demonstrated that human judgments can suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Sashank Santhanam , Samira Shaikh

AI evaluations have become critical tools for assessing large language model capabilities and safety. This paper presents practical insights from eight months of maintaining $inspect\_evals$, an open-source repository of 70+…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Alexandra Abbas , Celia Waggoner , Justin Olive

Automated approaches to answer patient-posed health questions are rising, but selecting among systems requires reliable evaluation. The current gold standard for evaluating the free-text artificial intelligence (AI) responses--human expert…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sarvesh Soni , Dina Demner-Fushman

Enhancing user engagement through personalization in conversational agents has gained significance, especially with the advent of large language models that generate fluent responses. Personalized dialogue generation, however, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yi-Pei Chen , Noriki Nishida , Hideki Nakayama , Yuji Matsumoto

Automatic evaluation of open-domain dialogs remains an unsolved problem. Moreover, existing methods do not correlate strongly with human annotations. This paper presents a new automated evaluation method using follow-ups: we measure the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Maxime De Bruyn , Ehsan Lotfi , Jeska Buhmann , Walter Daelemans

Open-domain dialogue systems have started to engage in continuous conversations with humans. Those dialogue systems are required to be adjusted to the human interlocutor and evaluated in terms of their perspective. However, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Yuma Tsuta , Naoki Yoshinaga , Shoetsu Sato , Masashi Toyoda

Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seungju Han , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang

Human evaluation has been widely accepted as the standard for evaluating chat-oriented dialogue systems. However, there is a significant variation in previous work regarding who gets recruited as evaluators. Evaluator groups such as domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sarah E. Finch , James D. Finch , Jinho D. Choi

Social interactions promote well-being, yet barriers like geographic distance, time limitations, and mental health conditions can limit face-to-face interactions. Emotionally responsive AI systems, such as chatbots, offer new opportunities…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahnaz Roshanaei , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Magy Seif El-Nasr

Human feedback on conversations with language language models (LLMs) is central to how these systems learn about the world, improve their capabilities, and are steered toward desirable and safe behaviors. However, this feedback is mostly…

Accurate automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogs are in high demand. Existing model-based metrics for system response evaluation are trained on human annotated data, which is cumbersome to collect. In this work, we propose to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Sarik Ghazarian , Behnam Hedayatnia , Alexandros Papangelis , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Collaboration is a task-oriented, high-level human behavior. In most cases, conversation serves as the primary medium for information exchange and coordination, making conversational data a valuable resource for the automatic analysis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yi Yu , Maria Boritchev , Chloé Clavel

Sharing ideas through communication with peers is the primary mode of human interaction. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted in the area of conversational AI, leading to an increase in the availability and diversity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Shivani Kumar , Sumit Bhatia , Milan Aggarwal , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In this paper, we highlight a problem of evaluation metrics adopted in the open-vocabulary segmentation. That is, the evaluation process still heavily relies on closed-set metrics on zero-shot or cross-dataset pipelines without considering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Hao Zhou , Tiancheng Shen , Xu Yang , Hai Huang , Xiangtai Li , Lu Qi , Ming-Hsuan Yang

An open challenge in constructing dialogue systems is developing methods for automatically learning dialogue strategies from large amounts of unlabelled data. Recent work has proposed Next-Utterance-Classification (NUC) as a surrogate task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Ryan Lowe , Iulian V. Serban , Mike Noseworthy , Laurent Charlin , Joelle Pineau

Code review is a critical software engineering practice where developers review code changes before integration to ensure code quality, detect defects, and improve maintainability. In recent years, AI agents that can understand code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Suzhen Zhong , Shayan Noei , Ying Zou , Bram Adams

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unlocked new capabilities and applications; however, evaluating the alignment with human preferences still poses significant challenges. To address this issue, we introduce Chatbot Arena, an open platform…

In the last decade, crowdsourcing has become a popular method for conducting quantitative empirical studies in human-machine interaction. The remote work on a given task in crowdworking settings suits the character of typical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Annalena Aicher , Stefan Hillmann , Isabel Feustel , Thilo Michael , Sebastian Möller , Wolfgang Minker