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Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are exotic phases of matter exhibiting long-range entanglement and supporting emergent gauge fields. A vigorous search for experimental realizations of these states has identified several materials with…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-24 Owen Benton

We present high-field electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of the honeycomb-lattice material $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, a prime candidate to exhibit Kitaev physics. Two modes of antiferromagnetic resonance were detected in the zigzag ordered…

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a novel state of matter with exotic excitations and was theoretically predicted to be realized most possibly in an S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnet. Experimentally searching for the candidate materials is a big…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-09-15 Yuesheng Li , Bingying Pan , Shiyan Li , Wei Tong , Langsheng Ling , Zhaorong Yang , Junfeng Wang , Zhongjun Chen , Zhonghua Wu , Qingming Zhang

RuCl$_3$ was likely the first ever deliberately synthesized ruthenium compound, following the discovery of the $_{44}$Ru element in 1844. For a long time it was known as an oxidation catalyst, with its physical properties being discrepant…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-09-04 Marius Möller , P. A. Maksimov , Shengtao Jiang , Steven R. White , Roser Valenti , A. L. Chernyshev

Scaling behavior in magnetization has been reported in a wide range of quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidates and is often interpreted as evidence for scale-free spin liquid physics. Here we present a comprehensive scaling analysis of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-16 Shannon Gould , John Singleton , Rabindranath Bag , Sara Haravifard , Sheng Ran

In the search for experimental realizations of bond-anisotropic Kitaev interactions and resulting spin-liquid phases, the layered magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ is a prime candidate. Its modelling typically involves Heisenberg, Kitaev, and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-06-01 Lukas Janssen , Stefan Koch , Matthias Vojta

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a state of matter where unpaired electrons' spins in a solid are quantum entangled, but do not show magnetic order in the zero-temperature limit. Because such a state may be important to the microscopic origin…

We report a muon spin rotation/relaxation ($\mu$SR) study of single-crystalline samples of the $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ honeycomb magnet, which is presumed to be a model compound for the Kitaev-Heisenberg interaction. It is inferred from magnetic…

Chiral spin liquids (CSLs) in three dimensions and thermal phase transitions to paramagnet are studied by unbiased Monte Carlo simulations. For an extension of the Kitaev model to a three-dimensional tricoordinate network dubbed the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-21 Yasuyuki Kato , Yoshitomo Kamiya , Joji Nasu , Yukitoshi Motome

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) host emergent, fractionalized fermionic excitations that are charge-neutral. Identifying clear experimental signatures of these excitations remains a central challenge in the field of strongly correlated systems,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-04 Penghao Zhu , Archisman Panigrahi , Leonid Levitov , Nandini Trivedi

In RuCl$_3$, inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy reveal a continuum of non-spin-wave excitations that persists to high temperature, suggesting the presence of a spin liquid state on a honeycomb lattice. In the context of the…

Actively shought since the turn of the century, two-dimensional quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are exotic phases of matter where magnetic moments remain disordered even at extremely low temperatures. Despite ongoing searches, QSLs remain…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-07-22 Juan Carrasquilla , Zhihao Hao , Roger G. Melko

On a lattice composed of triangular plaquettes where antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between localized spins cannot be simultaneously satisfied, the system becomes geometrically frustrated with magnetically disordered phases…

The majority of research on $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has focused on applying in-plane magnetic fields to suppress antiferromagnetic order and induce a quantum spin liquid (QSL). However, this effort has been complicated by the materials…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-14 Hamza Nasir Daniel Balazs , Muhammad Nauman , Ezekiel Horsley , Subin Kim , Young-June Kim , K. A. Modic

The suppression of magnetic order and the detection of a half-quantized thermal Hall effect in {\alpha}-RuCl3 under an external magnetic field have sparked significant debate, whether these phenomena point to spin fractionalization, as…

As one of the most intriguing states of matter, the chiral spin liquid (CSL) has attracted much scientific interest while its existence and mechanism in crystalline strongly correlated systems remain hotly debated. On the other hand, strong…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-04-09 Yixuan Huang , D. N. Sheng , Jian-Xin Zhu

Aligning with the everlasting search for quantum spin liquids (QSLs), identifying the QSL in Kitaev magnets has garnered great research interest during the past decade and remains nevertheless an enormous challenge. One of the major…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-03 Qiang Luo , Jize Zhao , Xiaoqun Wang

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are long-range entangled states of quantum magnets which lie beyond the Landau paradigm of classifying phases of matter via broken symmetries. A physical route to arriving at QSLs is via frustration-induced…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-09-20 Ciarán Hickey , Lukasz Cincio , Zlatko Papić , Arun Paramekanti

The spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has emerged as a prime candidate for realizing the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (KQSL), characterized by Majorana quasiparticles, whose edge states exhibit a distinctive half-integer…

The Kitaev model exhibits a Quantum Spin Liquid hosting emergent fractionalized excitations. We study the Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice coupled to a magnetic field along the [111] axis. Utilizing large scale matrix product based…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-12-06 Matthias Gohlke , Roderich Moessner , Frank Pollmann