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Gauge invariance, a core principle in electrodynamics, has two separate meanings. One concept treats the photon as the gauge particle for electrodynamics. It is based on symmetries of the Lagrangian, and requires no mention of electric or…
We argue that in the two-loop approximation gauge coupling unification in the exceptional supersymmetric standard model can be achieved for any phenomenologically reasonable value of strong gauge coupling at the electroweak scale consistent…
We study the gauge invariance of laser-matter interaction. The velocity gauge where the vector potential is expanded to the $n$-th order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge where the electric and magnetic fields are…
We generalise the $\eta$ regularisation scheme in order to develop a framework for systematically studying regularisation of loops in quantum field theory. This allows us to "solve" a set of gauge consistency conditions for families of…
Gauge field theories may quite generally be defined as describing the coupling of a matter-field to an interaction-field, and they are suitably represented in the mathematical framework of fiber bundles. Their underlying principle is the…
In this work, we study the implications of the existence of a gauge condensate to the mechanism of duality, a method based on the existence of these condensates is presented and applied to the study of the dual equivalence between self-dual…
We construct a compactification of the heterotic string on an orbifold T^6/Z_6 leading to the standard model spectrum plus vector--like matter. The standard model gauge group is obtained as an intersection of three SO(10) subgroups of E_8.…
The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…
We examine unification of gauge couplings in four dimensional renormalizable gauge theories inspired by the latticized (deconstructed) SM or MSSM in five dimensions. The models are based on replicated gauge groups, spontaneously broken to…
Frames normal for linear connections in vector bundles are defined and studied. In particular, such frames exist at every fixed point and/or along injective path. Inertial frames for gauge fields are introduced and on this ground the…
Employing the gauge-invariant formalism in the two-Higgs-doublet model (THDM) offers profound insights into the model's fundamental structure. A specific set of gauge-invariant bilinear combinations, constructed from the Higgs doublets,…
Finite gauge transformations in double field theory can be defined by the exponential of generalized Lie derivatives. We interpret these transformations as `generalized coordinate transformations' in the doubled space by proposing and…
This PhD thesis is devoted to show that differential renormalization is a simple and useful renormalization method that we can use when dealing with gauge theories. In this work, it is shown how the one-loop results of Constraint…
We study the dual equivalence between the nonlinear generalization of the self-dual ($NSD_{B\wedge F}$) and the topologically massive $B\wedge F$ models with particular emphasis on the nonlinear electrodynamics proposed by Born and Infeld.…
We present the beta functions of gauge and Yukawa couplings in general four-dimensional quantum field theory, at four and three loops, respectively. The essence of our approach is fixing unknown coefficients in the most general ansatz for…
Systems of coupled rate equations are ubiquitous in many areas of science, for example in the description of electronic transport through quantum dots and molecules. They can be understood as a continuity equation expressing the…
We discuss gauge transformations in QED coupled to a charged spinor field, and examine whether we can gauge-transform the entire formulation of the theory from one gauge to another, so that not only the gauge and spinor fields, but also the…
We propose a reformulation of electrodynamics in terms of a {\it physical} vector potential entirely free of gauge ambiguities. Quantizing the theory leads to a propagator that is gauge invariant by construction in this reformulation, in…
Gauge invariance in discrete dynamical systems and its connection with quantization are considered. For a complete description of gauge symmetries of a system we construct explicitly a class of groups unifying in a natural way the space and…
Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize…