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Related papers: PhysNLU: A Language Resource for Evaluating Natura…

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Natural language understanding (NLU) of text is a fundamental challenge in AI, and it has received significant attention throughout the history of NLP research. This primary goal has been studied under different tasks, such as Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Daniel Khashabi

Laws and their interpretations, legal arguments and agreements\ are typically expressed in writing, leading to the production of vast corpora of legal text. Their analysis, which is at the center of legal practice, becomes increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Ilias Chalkidis , Abhik Jana , Dirk Hartung , Michael Bommarito , Ion Androutsopoulos , Daniel Martin Katz , Nikolaos Aletras

Physics problems constitute a significant aspect of reasoning, necessitating complicated reasoning ability and abundant physics knowledge. However, existing large language models (LLMs) frequently fail due to a lack of knowledge or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xinyu Pang , Ruixin Hong , Zhanke Zhou , Fangrui Lv , Xinwei Yang , Zhilong Liang , Bo Han , Changshui Zhang

Explanation constitutes an archetypal feature of human rationality, underpinning learning and generalisation, and representing one of the media supporting scientific discovery and communication. Due to the importance of explanations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Marco Valentino , André Freitas

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive in-context learning (ICL) abilities, enabling them to solve wide range of tasks via textual prompts alone. As these capabilities advance, the range of applicable domains continues to expand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yeongwoo Song , Jaeyong Bae , Dong-Kyum Kim , Hawoong Jeong

Language models (LMs) can hallucinate when performing complex mathematical reasoning. Physics provides a rich domain for assessing their mathematical capabilities, where physical context requires that any symbolic manipulation satisfies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jordan Meadows , Tamsin James , Andre Freitas

Model robustness to bias is often determined by the generalization on carefully designed out-of-distribution datasets. Recent debiasing methods in natural language understanding (NLU) improve performance on such datasets by pressuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Michael Mendelson , Yonatan Belinkov

To be successful in real-world tasks, Reinforcement Learning (RL) needs to exploit the compositional, relational, and hierarchical structure of the world, and learn to transfer it to the task at hand. Recent advances in representation…

The staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are increasing, as measured by a range of commonly used natural language understanding (NLU) benchmarks, raises many questions regarding what "understanding"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Xenia Ohmer , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Natural language provides a widely accessible and expressive interface for robotic agents. To understand language in complex environments, agents must reason about the full range of language inputs and their correspondence to the world.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Stephanie Zhou , Alane Suhr , Yoav Artzi

This paper explores the potential of Large Language Models to accurately extract and translate equations from typed student responses into a standard format. This is a useful task as standardized equations can be graded reliably using a…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-12-17 Lachlan McGinness , Peter Baumgartner

We must recognize that natural language is a way of information encoding, and it encodes not only the information but also the procedures for how information is processed. To understand natural language, the same as we conceive and design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Limin Zhang

Discourse coherence plays an important role in the translation of one text. However, the previous reported models most focus on improving performance over individual sentence while ignoring cross-sentence links and dependencies, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Hao Xiong , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have achieved superhuman performance on many benchmarks, creating a need for harder tasks. We introduce CoDA21 (Context Definition Alignment), a challenging benchmark that measures natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Lütfi Kerem Senel , Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze

Large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities across various domains, especially mathematics and logic reasoning. However, current evaluations overlook physics-based reasoning - a complex task requiring physics theorems and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinyu Zhang , Yuxuan Dong , Yanrui Wu , Jiaxing Huang , Chengyou Jia , Basura Fernando , Mike Zheng Shou , Lingling Zhang , Jun Liu

Natural language reasoning plays an increasingly important role in improving language models' ability to solve complex language understanding tasks. An interesting use case for reasoning is the resolution of context-dependent ambiguity. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Stefan F. Schouten , Peter Bloem , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

Understanding the neural basis of language comprehension in the brain has been a long-standing goal of various scientific research programs. Recent advances in language modelling and in neuroimaging methodology promise potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Mostafa Abdou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in domains such as mathematics and programming, yet their capabilities in physics remain underexplored and poorly understood. Physics poses unique challenges that demand not…

Physics problem-solving is a challenging domain for AI models, requiring integration of conceptual understanding, mathematical reasoning, and interpretation of physical diagrams. Existing evaluations fail to capture the full breadth and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Lintao Wang , Encheng Su , Jiaqi Liu , Pengze Li , Jiabei Xiao , Wenlong Zhang , Xinnan Dai , Xi Chen , Yuan Meng , Lei Bai , Wanli Ouyang , Shixiang Tang , Aoran Wang , Xinzhu Ma

A suitable state representation is a fundamental part of the learning process in Reinforcement Learning. In various tasks, the state can either be described by natural language or be natural language itself. This survey outlines the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Brielen Madureira , David Schlangen