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In his seminal paper ``Computing Machinery and Intelligence'', Alan Turing introduced the ``imitation game'' as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-03 David Harel , Assaf Marron

Since the Turing test was first proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, the primary goal of artificial intelligence has been predicated on the ability for computers to imitate human behavior. However, the majority of uses for the computer can be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2010-02-16 Marko A. Rodriguez , Alberto Pepe

The current cycle of hype and anxiety concerning the benefits and risks to human society of Artificial Intelligence is fuelled, not only by the increasing use of generative AI and other AI tools by the general public, but also by claims…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Sharon Temtsin , Diane Proudfoot , David Kaber , Christoph Bartneck

This is a perspective paper inspired from the study of Turing Test proposed by A.M. Turing (23 June 1912 - 7 June 1954) in 1950. Following one important implication of Turing Test for enabling a machine with a human-like behavior or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Bao-Gang Hu , Wei-Ming Dong

The Turing Test, first proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, has historically served as a benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence (AI). However, since the release of ELIZA in 1966, and particularly with recent advancements in large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Avraham Rahimov , Orel Zamler , Amos Azaria

Since Alan Turing envisioned Artificial Intelligence (AI) [1], a major driving force behind technical progress has been competition with human cognition. Historical milestones have been frequently associated with computers matching or…

Scientists and philosophers have debated whether humans can trust advanced artificial intelligence (AI) agents to respect humanity's best interests. Yet what about the reverse? Will advanced AI agents trust humans? Gauging an AI agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Tim Johnson , Nick Obradovich

As AI becomes increasingly embedded in daily life, ascertaining whether an agent is human is critical. We systematically benchmark AI's ability to imitate humans in three language tasks (image captioning, word association, conversation) and…

Large Language Models based on transformer algorithms have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence by enabling verbal interaction with machines akin to human conversation. These AI agents have surpassed the Turing Test, achieving confusion…

The pursuit of artificial intelligence has long been associated to the the challenge of effectively measuring intelligence. Even if the Turing Test was introduced as a means of assessing a system intelligence, its relevance and application…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lavinia Hriscu , Alberto Sanfeliu , Anais Garrell

We discuss the objectives of automation equipped with non-trivial decision making, or creating artificial intelligence, in the financial markets and provide a possible alternative. Intelligence might be an unintended consequence of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ravi Kashyap

Collaboration with artificial intelligence (AI) has improved human decision-making across various domains by leveraging the complementary capabilities of humans and AI. Yet, humans systematically overrely on AI advice, even when their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Joshua Holstein , Patrick Hemmer , Gerhard Satzger , Wei Sun

The world has seen the emergence of machines based on pretrained models, transformers, also known as generative artificial intelligences for their ability to produce various types of content, including text, images, audio, and synthetic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bernardo Gonçalves

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) are already altering student learning. Unlike previous technologies, LLMs can independently solve problems regardless of student understanding, yet are not always…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Eric Gao

This article explores human-horse interactions as a metaphor for understanding and designing effective human-AI partnerships. Drawing on the long history of human collaboration with horses, we propose that AI, like horses, should complement…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi , Stanley Ahalt

Ethics and safety research in artificial intelligence is increasingly framed in terms of "alignment" with human values and interests. I argue that Turing's call for "fair play for machines" is an early and often overlooked contribution to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Daniel Estrada

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has apparently become one of the most important techniques discovered by humans in history while the human brain is widely recognized as one of the most complex systems in the universe. One fundamental critical…

The Turing Test is no longer adequate for distinguishing human and machine intelligence. With advanced artificial intelligence systems already passing the original Turing Test and contributing to serious ethical and environmental concerns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Adam Winchell

Inspired by Turing's famous "imitation game" and recent advances in generative pre-trained transformers, we pose the participation game to point to a new frontier in AI evolution where machines will join with humans as participants in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Mark Thomas Kennedy , Nelson Phillips

We present "Human or Not?", an online game inspired by the Turing test, that measures the capability of AI chatbots to mimic humans in dialog, and of humans to tell bots from other humans. Over the course of a month, the game was played by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Daniel Jannai , Amos Meron , Barak Lenz , Yoav Levine , Yoav Shoham
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