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In this work, we introduce the boundary polynomial of a graph $G$ as the ordinary generating function in two variables $B(G;x,y):= \displaystyle\sum_{S\subseteq V(G)} x^{|B(S)|}y^{|S|}$, where $B(S)$ denotes the outer boundary of $S$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Walter Carballosa , Marcos Masip , Francisco A. Reyes

We generalize the concept of token graphs to obtain supertoken graphs. In the latter case, there can be more than one token in a vertex. We formally define supertoken graphs and establish their basic properties. Moreover, we provide some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Mónica A. Reyes , Cristina Dalfó , Miquel Àngel Fiol

The neighborhood polynomial of graph $G$ is the generating function for the number of vertex subsets of $G$ of which the vertices have a common neighbor in $G$. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of this polynomial under several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Maryam Alipour , Peter Tittmann

Graph filtering is the cornerstone operation in graph signal processing (GSP). Thus, understanding it is key in developing potent GSP methods. Graph filters are local and distributed linear operations, whose output depends only on the local…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-21 T. Mitchell Roddenberry , Fernando Gama , Richard G. Baraniuk , Santiago Segarra

A Master equation has been previously obtained which allows the analytic integration of a fairly large family of functions provided that they possess simple properties. Here, the properties of this Master equation are explored, by extending…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-10-23 M. L. Glasser , Michael Milgram

The complexity of a graph can be obtained as a derivative of a variation of the zeta function or a partial derivative of its generalized characteristic polynomial evaluated at a point [\textit{J. Combin. Theory Ser. B}, 74 (1998), pp.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-01 Dongseok Kim , Young Soo Kwon , Jaeun Lee

The \emph{generalized reciprocal distance matrix} of a graph $\mathscr{G}$, denoted by $RD_\alpha(\mathscr{G})$, is defined as $RD_\alpha(\mathscr{G})=\alpha\,RT_r(\mathscr{G})+(1-\alpha)\,RD(\mathscr{G}), \, \alpha\in[0,1],$ where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Aditya Singh , Yogendra Singh , Anand Kumar Tiwari

Given a simple connected undirected graph G, the Wiener index W(G) of G is defined as half the sum of the distances over all pairs of vertices of G. In practice, G corresponds to what is known as the molecular graph of an organic compound.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-12-13 R. Balakrishnan , N. Sridharan , K. V. Iyer

Cores are, besides connectivity components, one among few concepts that provides us with efficient decompositions of large graphs and networks. In the paper a generalization of the notion of core of a graph based on vertex property function…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-22 V. Batagelj , M. Zaveršnik

This article describes a sequence of rational functions which converges locally uniformly to the zeta function. The numerators (and denominators) of these rational functions can be expressed as characteristic polynomials of matrices that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-28 Keith Ball

In this survey of graph polynomials, we emphasize the Tutte polynomial and a selection of closely related graph polynomials. We explore some of the Tutte polynomial's many properties and applications and we use the Tutte polynomial to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-28 Joanna Ellis-Monaghan , Criel Merino

Let G be a graph whose edges are labeled by positive integers. Label each vertex with an integer and suppose if two vertices are joined by an edge, the vertex labels are congruent to each other modulo the edge label. The set of vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-05 Madeline Handschy , Julie Melnick , Stephanie Reinders

We introduce a generalization of the zig-zag product of regular digraphs (directed graphs), which allows us to construct regular digraphs with m ore flexible choices of the degrees. In our generalization, we can control the connectivity of…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shunichi Nomura , Akimichi Takemura

For a simple graph, we introduce a notion of the star sequence and prove that the star sequence and the frequently sequences of a graph are inverses of each other from a combinatorial point of view. As a consequence, we express the general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-19 Leonid Bedratyuk , Oleg Savenko

Transmission of a vertex v of a connected graph G is the sum of distances from v to all other vertices in G. Graph G is transmission irregular (TI) if no two of its vertices have the same transmission, and G is interval transmission…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Salem Al-Yakoob , Dragan Stevanovic

In this note, we propose an integral representation for $\zeta(4)$, where $\zeta$ is the Riemann zeta function. The corresponding expression is obtained using relations for polylogarithms. A possible generalization to any even argument of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-04 Jean-Christophe Pain

The general spectral radius of a graph $G$, denoted by $\Theta(G,\alpha)$, is the maximal eigenvalue of $M_{\alpha}(G)=A(G)+\alpha D(G)$ $(\alpha\geq 0)$, where $A(G)$ and $D(G)$ are the adjacency matrix and the diagonal matrix of vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Yufei Huang , Muhuo Liu

We study Ihara zeta function for graphs in the context of quivers arising from gauge theories, especially under Seiberg duality transformations. The distribution of poles is studied as we proceed along the duality tree, in light of the weak…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-28 Da Zhou , Yan Xiao , Yang-Hui He

We use the notion of Milnor fibres of the germ of a meromorphic function and the method of partial resolutions for a study of topology of a polynomial map at infinity (mainly for calculation of the zeta-function of a monodromy). It gives…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. M. Gusein-Zade , I. Luengo , A. Melle-Hernandez

Regular and distance-regular characterizations of general graphs are well-known. In particular, the spectral excess theorem states that a connected graph G is distance-regular if and only if its spectral excess (a number that can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-27 A. Abiad , C. Dalfò , M. A. Fiol