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Temporal reasoning over long, multi-session dialogues is a critical capability for conversational agents. However, existing works and our pilot study have shown that as dialogue histories grow in length and accumulate noise, current…

How should an agent decide when and how to plan? A dominant approach builds agents as reactive policies with adaptive computation (e.g., chain-of-thought), trained end-to-end expecting planning to emerge implicitly. Without control over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mingkai Deng , Jinyu Hou , Lara Sá Neves , Varad Pimpalkhute , Taylor W. Killian , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing

A goal of Interactive Machine Learning (IML) is to enable people without specialized training to teach agents how to perform tasks. Many of the existing machine learning algorithms that learn from human instructions are evaluated using…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Samantha Krening

This paper contributes a first study into how different human users deliver simultaneous control and feedback signals during human-robot interaction. As part of this work, we formalize and present a general interactive learning framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Kory W. Mathewson , Patrick M. Pilarski

In multi-timescale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), agents interact across different timescales. In general, policies for time-dependent behaviors, such as those induced by multiple timescales, are non-stationary. Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Patrick Emami , Xiangyu Zhang , David Biagioni , Ahmed S. Zamzam

Reinforcement learning is a powerful approach to learn behaviour through interactions with an environment. However, behaviours are usually learned in a purely reactive fashion, where an appropriate action is selected based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 André Biedenkapp , Raghu Rajan , Frank Hutter , Marius Lindauer

We consider a sequential decision making problem where the agent faces the environment characterized by the stochastic discrete events and seeks an optimal intervention policy such that its long-term reward is maximized. This problem exists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Chao Qu , Xiaoyu Tan , Siqiao Xue , Xiaoming Shi , James Zhang , Hongyuan Mei

There is a consensus that human and non-human subjects experience temporal distortions in many stages of their perceptual and decision-making systems. Similarly, intertemporal choice research has shown that decision-makers undervalue future…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-31 Pedro A. Ortega , Naftali Tishby

Consider an agent acting to achieve its temporal goal, but with a "trembling hand". In this case, the agent may mistakenly instruct, with a certain (typically small) probability, actions that are not intended due to faults or imprecision in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Pian Yu , Shufang Zhu , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Marta Kwiatkowska , Moshe Vardi

This study explores the interference in temporal processing within a dual-task paradigm from an artificial intelligence (AI) perspective. In this context, the dual-task setup is implemented as a simplified version of the Overcooked…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Amrapali Pednekar , Álvaro Garrido-Pérez , Yara Khaluf , Pieter Simoens

Learning in multi-agent environments is difficult due to the non-stationarity introduced by an opponent's or partner's changing behaviors. Instead of reactively adapting to the other agent's (opponent or partner) behavior, we propose an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Woodrow Z. Wang , Andy Shih , Annie Xie , Dorsa Sadigh

Giving autonomous agents the ability to forecast their own outcomes and uncertainty will allow them to communicate their competencies and be used more safely. We accomplish this by using a learned world model of the agent system to forecast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Aastha Acharya , Rebecca Russell , Nisar R. Ahmed

Today's autonomous agents, largely driven by foundation models (FMs), can understand natural language instructions and solve long-horizon tasks with human-like reasoning. However, current human-robot interaction largely follows a one-way…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Linus Nwankwo , Bjoern Ellensohn , Christian Rauch , Elmar Rueckert

In this paper, we propose capturing and utilizing \textit{Temporal Information through Graph-based Embeddings and Representations} or \textbf{TIGER} to enhance multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We explicitly model how inter-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Nikunj Gupta , Ludwika Twardecka , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in real-world use cases may need to adapt to external natural language instructions that interrupt ongoing behavior and conflict with long-horizon objectives. However, conditioning rewards on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Wo Wei Lin , Ethan Rathbun , Enrico Marchesini Xiang Zhi Tan

While auxiliary tasks play a key role in shaping the representations learnt by reinforcement learning agents, much is still unknown about the mechanisms through which this is achieved. This work develops our understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Clare Lyle , Mark Rowland , Georg Ostrovski , Will Dabney

AI support of collaborative interactions entails mediating potential misalignment between interlocutor beliefs. Common preference alignment methods like DPO excel in static settings, but struggle in dynamic collaborative tasks where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Abhijnan Nath , Carine Graff , Andrei Bachinin , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

In computational reinforcement learning, a growing body of work seeks to construct an agent's perception of the world through predictions of future sensations; predictions about environment observations are used as additional input features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Alexandra Kearney , Anna Koop , Johannes Günther , Patrick M. Pilarski

Communication-based multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides information exchange between agents, which promotes the cooperation. However, existing methods cannot perform well in the large-scale multi-agent system. In this paper,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jiajun Chai , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

In the classical herding literature, agents receive a private signal regarding a binary state of nature, and sequentially choose an action, after observing the actions of their predecessors. When the informativeness of private signals is…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-27 Wade Hann-Caruthers , Vadim V. Martynov , Omer Tamuz