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Point signatures based on the Laplacian operators on graphs, point clouds, and manifolds have become popular tools in machine learning for graphs, clustering, and shape analysis. In this work, we propose a novel point signature, the power…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Karamatou Yacoubou Djima , Ka Man Yim

Typically, graph structures are represented by one of three different matrices: the adjacency matrix, the unnormalised and the normalised graph Laplacian matrices. The spectral (eigenvalue) properties of these different matrices are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-27 J. F. Lutzeyer , A. T. Walden

Using projections on the (generalized) eigenvectors associated to matrices that characterize the topological structure, several authors have constructed generalizations of the Fourier transform on graphs. By exploring mappings of the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-05-11 R. Vilela Mendes , Hugo C. Mendes , Tanya Araújo

The graph Fourier transform (GFT) is a fundamental tool in graph signal processing and has recently been extended to the graph fractional Fourier transform (GFRFT). Existing sampling methods in the GFRFT domain are primarily designed to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Yu Zhang , Jia-Yin Peng , Bing-Zhao Li

We introduce a multi-windowed graph Fourier transform (MWGFT) for the joint vertex-frequency analysis of signals defined on graphs. Building on generalized translation and modulation induced by the graph Laplacian, the proposed framework…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Iulia Martina Bulai , Elena Cordero , Edoardo Pucci , Sandra Saliani

Graph signal processing uses the graph eigenvector basis to analyze signals. However, these graph eigenvectors are typically linearly ordered (by total variation), which may not be reasonable for many graph structures. There have been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Subbareddy Batreddy , S Sai Ashish , Aditya Siripuram

We present the spectrum of the (normalized) graph Laplacian as a systematic tool for the investigation of networks, and we describe basic properties of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Processes of graph formation like motif joining or…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-10-19 Anirban Banerjee , Jürgen Jost

Graph signal processing analyzes signals supported on the nodes of a graph by defining the shift operator in terms of a matrix, such as the graph adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix, related to the structure of the graph. With respect to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-01 Stephen Kruzick , José M. F. Moura

In this paper, we present a signal processing framework for directed graphs. Unlike undirected graphs, a graph shift operator such as the adjacency matrix associated with a directed graph usually does not admit an orthogonal eigenbasis.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Feng Ji

Defining a sound shift operator for signals existing on a certain graph structure, similar to the well-defined shift operator in classical signal processing, is a crucial problem in graph signal processing, since almost all operations, such…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Adnan Gavili , Xiao-Ping Zhang

We propose a new point of view in the study of Fourier analysis on graphs, taking advantage of localization in the Fourier domain. For a signal $f$ on vertices of a weighted graph $\mathcal{G}$ with Laplacian matrix $\mathcal{L}$, standard…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-02 Basile de Loynes , Fabien Navarro , Baptiste Olivier

Data are represented as graphs in a wide range of applications, such as Computer Vision (e.g., images) and Graphics (e.g., 3D meshes), network analysis (e.g., social networks), and bio-informatics (e.g., molecules). In this context, our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Giuseppe Patanè

Graph signal processing extends spectral analysis to data supported on irregular domains. Existing fractional transforms for two-dimensional graph signals, including the two-dimensional graph fractional Fourier transform (GFRFT), typically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Mingzhi Wang , Manjun Cui , Feiyue Zhao , Yangfan He , Zhichao Zhang

Separating multiple graph signals from a single observed mixture is an inherently ill-posed problem that traditionally relies on restrictive and handcrafted priors. This letter addresses this challenge by proposing an unsupervised learnable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Keivan Faghih Niresi , Dorina Thanou , Olga Fink

Spectral graph neural networks learn graph filters, but their behavior with increasing depth and polynomial order is not well understood. We analyze these models in the graph Fourier domain, where each layer becomes an element-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Vahan A. Martirosyan , Daniele Malitesta , Hugues Talbot , Jhony H. Giraldo , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Spectral approaches of network analysis heavily rely upon the eigendecomposition of the graph Laplacian. For instance, in graph signal processing, the Laplacian eigendecomposition is used to define the graph Fourier transform and then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Dimitri Van De Ville , Robin Demesmaeker , Maria Giulia Preti

In this paper, we present a novel generalization of the graph Fourier transform (GFT). Our approach is based on separately considering the definitions of signal energy and signal variation, leading to several possible orthonormal GFTs. Our…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-20 Benjamin Girault , Antonio Ortega , Shrikanth Narayanan

In many network problems, graphs may change by the addition of nodes, or the same problem may need to be solved in multiple similar graphs. This generates inefficiency, as analyses and systems that are not transferable have to be…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-11 Luana Ruiz , Luiz F. O. Chamon , Alejandro Ribeiro

The field of Graph Signal Processing (GSP) has proposed tools to generalize harmonic analysis to complex domains represented through graphs. Among these tools are translations, which are required to define many others. Most works propose to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-12 Raphael Baena , Lucas Drumetz , Vincent Gripon

Graph inference plays an essential role in machine learning, pattern recognition, and classification. Signal processing based approaches in literature generally assume some variational property of the observed data on the graph. We make a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-24 B. Subbareddy , Aditya Siripuram , Jingxin Zhang