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Related papers: Towards Trustworthy AutoGrading of Short, Multi-li…

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Grading exams is an important, labor-intensive, subjective, repetitive, and frequently challenging task. The feasibility of autograding textual responses has greatly increased thanks to the availability of large language models (LLMs) such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Bernd Schenk , Christina Niklaus

In mathematical proof education, there remains a need for interventions that help students learn to write mathematical proofs. Research has shown that timely feedback can be very helpful to students learning new skills. While for many years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chenyan Zhao , Mariana Silva , Seth Poulsen

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated grading, but their outputs can be unreliable. Rather than improving grading accuracy directly, we address a complementary problem: \textit{predicting when an LLM grader is likely to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Robinson Ferrer , Damla Turgut , Zhongzhou Chen , Shashank Sonkar

The development of effective autograders is key for scaling assessment and feedback. While NLP based autograding systems for open-ended response questions have been found to be beneficial for providing immediate feedback, autograders are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Joslyn Orgill , Andra Rice , Max Fowler , Seth Poulsen

Automatic grading of subjective questions remains a significant challenge in examination assessment due to the diversity in question formats and the open-ended nature of student responses. Existing works primarily focus on a specific type…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Fanwei Zhua , Jiaxuan He , Xiaoxiao Chen , Zulong Chen , Quan Lu , Chenrui Mei

The rapid growth of programming education has outpaced traditional assessment tools, leaving faculty with limited means to provide meaningful, scalable feedback. Conventional autograders, while efficient, act as black-box systems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Vikrant Sahu , Gagan Raj Gupta , Raghav Borikar , Nitin Mane

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) has increased the need for automatic evaluation systems, particularly to address the challenge of information hallucination. Although existing faithfulness evaluation approaches have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Carlo Alfano , Aymen Al Marjani , Zeno Jonke , Amin Mantrach , Saab Mansour , Marcello Federico

Constructed-response questions are crucial to encourage generative processing and test a learner's understanding of core concepts. However, the limited availability of instructor time, large class sizes, and other resource constraints pose…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Shyam Agarwal , Ali Moghimi , Kevin C. Haudek

The grading of open-ended questions is a high-effort, high-impact task in education. Automating this task promises a significant reduction in workload for education professionals, as well as more consistent grading outcomes for students, by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Alexandra Gobrecht , Felix Tuma , Moritz Möller , Thomas Zöller , Mark Zakhvatkin , Alexandra Wuttig , Holger Sommerfeldt , Sven Schütt

Effective and timely feedback in educational assessments is essential but labor-intensive, especially for complex tasks. Recent developments in automated feedback systems, ranging from deterministic response grading to the evaluation of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Tianyi Liu , Julia Chatain , Laura Kobel-Keller , Gerd Kortemeyer , Thomas Willwacher , Mrinmaya Sachan

Grading is a time-consuming and laborious task that educators must face. It is an important task since it provides feedback signals to learners, and it has been demonstrated that timely feedback improves the learning process. In recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Germán Capdehourat , Isabel Amigo , Brian Lorenzo , Joaquín Trigo

Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) with generative large language models (LLMs) has recently demonstrated strong performance without task-specific fine-tuning, while also enabling the generation of synthetic feedback for educational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Longwei Cong , Sonja Hahn , Sebastian Gombert , Leon Camus , Hendrik Drachsler , Ulf Kroehne

The rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) is reshaping the landscape of automatic assessment in education. While these systems demonstrate substantial advantages in adaptability to diverse question types and flexibility in output…

Scaling educational assessment with large language models requires not just accuracy, but the ability to recognize when predictions are trustworthy. Instruction-tuned models tend to be overconfident, and their reliability deteriorates as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Pranav Raikote , Korbinian Randl , Ioanna Miliou , Athanasios Lakes , Panagiotis Papapetrou

Automatic short answer grading is an important research direction in the exploration of how to use artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools to improve education. Current state-of-the-art approaches use neural language models to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Mengxue Zhang , Sami Baral , Neil Heffernan , Andrew Lan

With the rise of online learning, the demand for efficient and consistent assessment in mathematics has significantly increased over the past decade. Machine Learning (ML), particularly Natural Language Processing (NLP), has been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Behnam Parsaeifard , Martin Hlosta , Per Bergamin

Large Language Models are traditionally finetuned on large instruction datasets. However recent studies suggest that small, high-quality datasets can suffice for general purpose instruction following. This lack of consensus surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Aditi Jha , Sam Havens , Jeremy Dohmann , Alex Trott , Jacob Portes

Recent research has shown that smaller language models can acquire substantial reasoning abilities when fine-tuned with reasoning exemplars crafted by a significantly larger teacher model. We explore this paradigm for the financial domain,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Karmvir Singh Phogat , Sai Akhil Puranam , Sridhar Dasaratha , Chetan Harsha , Shashishekar Ramakrishna

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for educational tasks such as grading, yet their alignment with human evaluation in real classrooms remains underexamined. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Grace Byun , Swati Rajwal , Jinho D. Choi

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical language into formal specifications and proofs remains a difficult task for state-of-the-art (large) language models. Existing works point to competing explanations for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Willy Chan , Michael Souliman , Jakob Nordhagen , Brando Miranda , Elyas Obbad , Kai Fronsdal Sanmi Koyejo
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