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In a spiked population model, the population covariance matrix has all its eigenvalues equal to units except for a few fixed eigenvalues (spikes). This model is proposed by Johnstone to cope with empirical findings on various data sets. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Zhidong Bai , Jian-feng Yao

In this paper, we establish the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of large-dimensional generalized spiked sample covariance matrices, where the spiked eigenvalues may be either bounded or diverge to infinity.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Zhijun Liu , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai , Zhihui Lv

In this note, we establish an asymptotic expansion for the centering parameter appearing in the central limit theorems for linear spectral statistic of large-dimensional sample covariance matrices when the population has a spiked covariance…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-08 Qinwen Wang , Jack W. Silverstein , Jianfeng Yao

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the extreme eigenvectors in a general spiked covariance matrix, where the dimension and sample size increase proportionally. We eliminate the restrictive assumption of the block…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Zhangni Pu , Xiaozhuo Zhang , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai

In the case where the dimension of the data grows at the same rate as the sample size we prove a central limit theorem for the difference of a linear spectral statistic of the sample covariance and a linear spectral statistic of the matrix…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Nina Dörnemann , Holger Dette

Sample covariance matrices from multi-population typically exhibit several large spiked eigenvalues, which stem from differences between population means and are crucial for inference on the underlying data structure. This paper…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Junpeng Zhu

In high-dimensional principal component analysis, important inferential targets include both leading spikes and the associated principal eigenspaces. Such problems arise naturally in high-dimensional factor models, where leading principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Yanqing Yin , Wang Zhou

This paper considers testing the covariance matrices structure based on Wald's score test in large dimensional setting. The hypothesis $H_0: \Sigma =\Sigma_0 $ for a given matrix $\Sigma_0$, which covers the identity hypothesis test and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-01 Dandan Jiang , QiBin Zhang

The spiked covariance model has gained increasing popularity in high-dimensional data analysis. A fundamental problem is determination of the number of spiked eigenvalues, $K$. For estimation of $K$, most attention has focused on the use of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-07 Zheng Tracy Ke , Yucong Ma , Xihong Lin

Sample correlation matrices are employed ubiquitously in statistics. However, quite surprisingly, little is known about their asymptotic spectral properties for high-dimensional data, particularly beyond the case of "null models" for which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-13 David Morales-Jimenez , Iain M. Johnstone , Matthew R. McKay , Jeha Yang

We provide asymptotic theory for certain functions of the sample autocovariance matrices of a high-dimensional time series with infinite fourth moment. The time series exhibits linear dependence across the coordinates and through time.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-16 Johannes Heiny , Thomas Mikosch

In this article, the joint fluctuations of the extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large dimensional sample covariance matrix are analyzed when the associated population covariance matrix is a finite-rank perturbation of the identity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-20 Romain Couillet , Walid Hachem

High-dimensional sample correlation matrices are a crucial class of random matrices in multivariate statistical analysis. The central limit theorem (CLT) provides a theoretical foundation for statistical inference. In this paper, assuming…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Weijiang Chen , Shurong Zheng , Tingting Zou

This paper investigates global and local laws for sample covariance matrices with general growth rates of dimensions. The sample size $N$ and population dimension $M$ can have the same order in logarithm, which implies that their ratio…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Bing-Yi Jing , Weiming Li , Jiahui Xie , Yangchun Zhang , Wang Zhou

We show central limit theorems (CLT) for the Stieltjes transforms or more general analytic functions of symmetric matrices with independent heavy tailed entries, including entries in the domain of attraction of $\alpha$-stable laws and…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-12 Florent Benaych-Georges , Alice Guionnet , Camille Male

For a generalization of Johnstone's spiked model, a covariance matrix with eigenvalues all one but $M$ of them, the number of features $N$ comparable to the number of samples $n: N=N(n), M=M(n), \gamma^{-1} \leq \frac{N}{n} \leq \gamma$…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Simona Diaconu

Sample covariance matrix and multivariate $F$-matrix play important roles in multivariate statistical analysis. The central limit theorems {\sl (CLT)} of linear spectral statistics associated with these matrices were established in Bai and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-03 Shurong Zheng , Zhidong Bai

Random Fisher matrices arise naturally in multivariate statistical analysis and understanding the properties of its eigenvalues is of primary importance for many hypothesis testing problems like testing the equality between two multivariate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-09 Shurong Zheng , Zhidong Bai , Jianfeng Yao

In this paper, we study the convergent limits and rates of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for spiked sample covariance matrices whose spectrum can have multiple bulk components. Our model is an extension of Johnstone's spiked covariance…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Xiucai Ding

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the high dimensional spiked sample covariance matrices, in the supercritical case when a reliable detection of spikes is possible. Especially, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Zhigang Bao , Xiucai Ding , Jingming Wang , Ke Wang