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In recent years, increasing deployment of face recognition technology in security-critical settings, such as border control or law enforcement, has led to considerable interest in the vulnerability of face recognition systems to attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Robert Nichols , Christian Rathgeb , Pawel Drozdowski , Christoph Busch

Deepfakes are computationally-created entities that falsely represent reality. They can take image, video, and audio modalities, and pose a threat to many areas of systems and societies, comprising a topic of interest to various aspects of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Sergi D. Bray , Shane D. Johnson , Bennett Kleinberg

Given a gallery of face images of missing children, state-of-the-art face recognition systems fall short in identifying a child (probe) recovered at a later age. We propose an age-progression module that can age-progress deep face features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Debayan Deb , Divyansh Aggarwal , Anil K. Jain

AI-generated synthetic media are increasingly used in real-world scenarios, often with the purpose of spreading misinformation and propaganda through social media platforms, where compression and other processing can degrade fake detection…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Stefano Dell'Anna , Andrea Montibeller , Giulia Boato

Generative AI now produces photorealistic portraits that circulate widely in social and newslike contexts. Human ability to distinguish real from synthetic faces is time-sensitive because image generators continue to improve while public…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Sunwhi Kim , Sunyul Kim

Working with Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) in forensic applications might be benefited from the progress in automatic face recognition. However, discriminative parts of a face in CSEM, i.e., mostly the eyes, could be often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Rubel Biswas , Pablo Blanco-Medina

Child Sexual Abuse Imagery (CSAI) classification is an important yet challenging problem for computer vision research due to the strict legal and ethical restrictions that prevent the public sharing of CSAI datasets. This limitation hinders…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Carlos Caetano , Camila Laranjeira , Clara Ernesto , Artur Barros , João Macedo , Leo S. F. Ribeiro , Jefersson A. dos Santos , Sandra Avila

In the realm of digital media, the advent of AI-generated synthetic images has introduced significant challenges in distinguishing between real and fabricated visual content. These images, often indistinguishable from authentic ones, pose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yuyang Wang , Yizhi Hao , Amando Xu Cong

This paper introduces a novel dataset to help researchers evaluate their computer vision and audio models for accuracy across a diverse set of age, genders, apparent skin tones and ambient lighting conditions. Our dataset is composed of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Caner Hazirbas , Joanna Bitton , Brian Dolhansky , Jacqueline Pan , Albert Gordo , Cristian Canton Ferrer

Law enforcement agencies and non-gonvernmental organizations handling reports of Child Sexual Abuse Imagery (CSAI) are overwhelmed by large volumes of data, requiring the aid of automation tools. However, defining sexual abuse in images of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Camila Laranjeira , João Macedo , Sandra Avila , Fabrício Benevenuto , Jefersson A. dos Santos

This work introduces a novel deep-learning approach for estimating age from a single facial image by refining an initial age estimate. The refinement leverages a reference face database of individuals with similar ages and appearances. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Ran Sandhaus , Yosi Keller

Deep learning-based methods have pushed the limits of the state-of-the-art in face analysis. However, despite their success, these models have raised concerns regarding their bias towards certain demographics. This bias is inflicted both by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Markos Georgopoulos , Yannis Panagakis , Maja Pantic

Considered the increasing use of assistive technologies in the shape of virtual agents, it is necessary to investigate those factors which characterize and affect the interaction between the user and the agent, among these emerges the way…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Terry Amorese , Marialucia Cuciniello , Alessandro Vinciarelli , Gennaro Cordasco , Anna Esposito

This paper presents a novel approach for accurately estimating age from face images, which overcomes the challenge of collecting a large dataset of individuals with the same identity at different ages. Instead, we leverage readily available…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yeongnam Chae , Poulami Raha , Mijung Kim , Bjorn Stenger

In the context of temporal image forensics, it is not evident that a neural network, trained on images from different time-slots (classes), exploits solely image age related features. Usually, images taken in close temporal proximity (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Robert Jöchl , Andreas Uhl

Age estimation is a difficult task which requires the automatic detection and interpretation of facial features. Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made remarkable improvement on learning age patterns from benchmark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Zhenzhen Hui , Peng Sun , Yonggang Wen

Child Sexual Abuse Media (CSAM) is any visual record of a sexually-explicit activity involving minors. CSAM impacts victims differently from the actual abuse because the distribution never ends, and images are permanent. Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Mayana Pereira , Rahul Dodhia , Hyrum Anderson , Richard Brown

Legal age estimation plays a critical role in forensic and medico-legal contexts, where decisions must be supported by accurate, robust, and reproducible methods with explicit uncertainty quantification. While prior artificial intelligence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Javier Venema , Stefano De Luca , Pablo Mesejo , Óscar Ibáñez

Platforms and the law regulate digital content depicting minors (defined as individuals under 18 years of age) differently from other types of content. Given the sheer amount of content that needs to be assessed, machine learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Klim Kireev , Ana-Maria Creţu , Raphael Meier , Sarah Adel Bargal , Elissa Redmiles , Carmela Troncoso

The spread of deepfakes poses significant security concerns, demanding reliable detection methods. However, diverse generation techniques and class imbalance in datasets create challenges. We propose CAE-Net, a Convolution- and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Anindya Bhattacharjee , Kaidul Islam , Kafi Anan , Ashir Intesher , Abrar Assaeem Fuad , Utsab Saha , Hafiz Imtiaz