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Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology to achieve high spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in future wireless systems. The larger array aperture of XL-MIMO makes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bokai Xu , Jiayi Zhang , Hongyang Du , Zhe Wang , Yuanwei Liu , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Khaled B. Letaief

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is regarded as one of the key techniques to enhance the performance of future wireless communications. Different from regular MIMO, the XL-MIMO shifts part of the communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Kangjian Chen , Chenhao Qi , Jingjia Huang , Octavia A. Dobre , Geoffrey Ye Li

Near-field communication comes to be an indispensable part of the future sixth generation (6G) communications at the arrival of the forth-coming deployment of extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems. Due to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Haochen Wu , Liyang Lu , Zhaocheng Wang

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the antenna number or size to at least an order of magnitude…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng , Changsheng You , Yu Han , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Zhenjun Dong , Shi Jin , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Tao Jiang , Xiaohu You , Rui Zhang

This paper presents key performance metrics for near-field communication and sensing systems and their scaling behavior as a function of the antenna array aperture. Analytical expressions are derived for several standard array geometries to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Marcin Wachowiak , André Bourdoux , Sofie Pollin

Extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has shown considerable potential in future mobile communications. However, the use of extremely large aperture arrays has led to near-field and spatial non-stationary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Yu Han , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen , Xiaoli Ma

Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to improve the spectrum efficiency and spatial resolution of future wireless systems. Different from existing works that mostly considered physical layer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Tianyu Liu , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou , Yunpu Zhang , Shiqi Gong , Heng Liu , Guangchi Zhang

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance the spectrum efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless networks by exploiting massive number of antennas for generating pencil-like…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-01 Yunpu Zhang , Changsheng You

In this paper, we propose to employ a modular-based movable extremely large-scale array (XL-array) at Alice for enhancing covert communication performance. Compared with existing work that mostly considered either far-field or near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Chao Zhou , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou , Hai Lin , Yi Gong

Backscatter communication, relying on the reflection principle, constitutes a promising-enabling technology for lowcost, large-scale, ubiquitous sensor networking. This work makes an overview of the state-of-the-art coherent and noncoherent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Panos N. Alevizos , Aggelos Bletsas

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

A radiomap, representing the spatial distribution of wireless signal strength within a specific region, is fundamentally determined by the local propagation channel and finds extensive applications in network planning and optimization. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenli Li , Bin Wang , Guangxu Zhu , Haiyan Fan , Yi Zhang

Modern MIMO communication systems are almost exclusively designed under the assumption of locally plane wavefronts over antenna arrays. This is known as the far-field approximation and is soundly justified at sub-6-GHz frequencies at most…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Giacomo Bacci , Luca Sanguinetti , Emil Björnson

Next-generation communication and localization systems increasingly rely on extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays), which promise unprecedented spatial resolution and new functionalities. These gains arise from their inherent operation in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Gilles Monnoyer , Jérôme Louveaux , Laurence Defraigne , Baptiste Sambon , Luc Vandendorpe

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) has emerged as a promising technology to enable near-field communications for achieving enhanced spectrum efficiency and spatial resolution, by drastically increasing the number of antennas. However,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Cong Zhou , Changsheng You , Haodong Zhang , Li Chen , Shuo Shi

In the sixth-generation (6G), the extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is considered a promising enabling technology. With the further expansion of array element number and frequency bands, near-field effects will…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Haiyang Miao , Jianhua Zhang , Pan Tang , Lei Tian , Weirang Zuo , Qi Wei , Guangyi Liu

In this paper, we consider an extremely large-scale massive multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) system. As the scale of antenna arrays increases, the range of near-field communications also expands. In this case, the signals no longer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Zhangjie Peng , Ruijing Liu , Zhaotian Li , Cunhua Pan , Jiangzhou Wang

Next generation cellular deployments are expected to exploit the 6-24 GHz frequency range 3 (FR3) and extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) to enable ultra-high data rates and reliability. However, the significantly…

This paper studies wideband channel estimation for OFDM systems assisted by extremely large RIS (XL-RIS). Due to the large aperture of XL-RISs, the user equipment may operate in the near-field region, while the base station-XL-RIS link…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Lanqing Zhi , Hongwei Wang , Lingxiang Li , Zhi Chen

Extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) are widely adopted in mmWave/THz communications to compensate for the severe path loss, wherein the channel estimation remains a significant challenge since the Rayleigh distance of ELAAs stretches to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Yiming Chen , Hongwei Wang , Lingxiang Li , Zhi Chen