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With the widespread deployment of deep-learning-based speech models in security-critical applications, backdoor attacks have emerged as a serious threat: an adversary who poisons a small fraction of training data can implant a hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kun Wang , Meng Chen , Junhao Wang , Yuli Wu , Li Lu , Chong Zhang , Peng Cheng , Jiaheng Zhang , Kui Ren

Speech recognition systems driven by DNNs have revolutionized human-computer interaction through voice interfaces, which significantly facilitate our daily lives. However, the growing popularity of these systems also raises special concerns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jiahe Lan , Jie Wang , Baochen Yan , Zheng Yan , Elisa Bertino

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat by embedding hidden triggers into inputs, causing models to misclassify them into target labels. While extensive research has focused on mitigating these attacks in object recognition models through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Kyle Stein , Andrew Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Recent researches show that deep learning model is susceptible to backdoor attacks. Many defenses against backdoor attacks have been proposed. However, existing defense works require high computational overhead or backdoor attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Mingfu Xue , Yinghao Wu , Zhiyu Wu , Yushu Zhang , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

This paper proposes a new defense against neural network backdooring attacks that are maliciously trained to mispredict in the presence of attacker-chosen triggers. Our defense is based on the intuition that the feature extraction layers of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Hao Fu , Akshaj Kumar Veldanda , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Building an effective adversarial attacker and elaborating on countermeasures for adversarial attacks for natural language processing (NLP) have attracted a lot of research in recent years. However, most of the existing approaches focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Wenjuan Han , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Kewei Tu

As collaborative learning and the outsourcing of data collection become more common, malicious actors (or agents) which attempt to manipulate the learning process face an additional obstacle as they compete with each other. In backdoor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Siddhartha Datta , Giulio Lovisotto , Ivan Martinovic , Nigel Shadbolt

Backdoor attack is a powerful attack algorithm to deep learning model. Recently, GNN's vulnerability to backdoor attack has been proved especially on graph classification task. In this paper, we propose the first backdoor detection and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Bingchen Jiang , Zhao Li

Backdoor attacks implant hidden behaviors into models by poisoning training data or modifying the model directly. These attacks aim to maintain high accuracy on benign inputs while causing misclassification when a specific trigger is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jianyao Yin , Luca Arnaboldi , Honglong Chen , Pascal Berrang , Mark Ryan

Backdoor data poisoning, inserted within instruction examples used to fine-tune a foundation Large Language Model (LLM) for downstream tasks (\textit{e.g.,} sentiment prediction), is a serious security concern due to the evasive nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jayaram Raghuram , George Kesidis , David J. Miller

A backdoor attack allows a malicious user to manipulate the environment or corrupt the training data, thus inserting a backdoor into the trained agent. Such attacks compromise the RL system's reliability, leading to potentially catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Hao Chen , Chen Gong , Yizhe Wang , Xinwen Hou

The Large Language Models (LLMs) are poised to offer efficient and intelligent services for future mobile communication networks, owing to their exceptional capabilities in language comprehension and generation. However, the extremely high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Haomiao Yang , Kunlan Xiang , Mengyu Ge , Hongwei Li , Rongxing Lu , Shui Yu

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

Backdoor (Trojan) attacks are an important type of adversarial exploit against deep neural networks (DNNs), wherein a test instance is (mis)classified to the attacker's target class whenever the attacker's backdoor trigger is present. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xi Li , Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , George Kesidis

Backdoor attacks represent a serious threat to neural network models. A backdoored model will misclassify the trigger-embedded inputs into an attacker-chosen target label while performing normally on other benign inputs. There are already…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Jing Xu , Minhui , Xue , Stjepan Picek

Like many other tasks involving neural networks, Speech Recognition models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However recent research has pointed out differences between attacks and defenses on ASR models compared to image models.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Raphael Olivier , Bhiksha Raj

Current backdoor attacks against federated learning (FL) strongly rely on universal triggers or semantic patterns, which can be easily detected and filtered by certain defense mechanisms such as norm clipping, comparing parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Yanqi Qiao , Dazhuang Liu , Congwen Chen , Rui Wang , Kaitai Liang

Backdoor attacks manipulate model predictions by inserting innocuous triggers into training and test data. We focus on more realistic and more challenging clean-label attacks where the adversarial training examples are correctly labeled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wencong You , Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Voice interfaces are becoming accepted widely as input methods for a diverse set of devices. This development is driven by rapid improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR), which now performs on par with human listening in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Lea Schönherr , Katharina Kohls , Steffen Zeiler , Thorsten Holz , Dorothea Kolossa

Developers increasingly construct multimodal large language models (MLLMs) by assembling pretrained components,introducing supply-chain attack surfaces.Existing security research primarily focuses on poisoning backbones such as encoders or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Runhe Wang , Li Bai , Haibo Hu , Songze Li