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Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

We show that currently available noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers can be used for versatile quantum simulations of chaotic systems. We introduce a novel classical-quantum hybrid approachfor exploring the dynamics of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Amit Anand , Sanchit Srivastava , Sayan Gangopadhyay , Shohini Ghose

Quantum computational experiments exploiting Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices to demonstrate violation of a Bell inequality are proposed. They consist of running specified quantum algorithms on few-qubit computers. If such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 H. W. L. Naus , H. Polinder

We develop a classical bit-flip correction method to mitigate measurement errors on quantum computers. This method can be applied to any operator, any number of qubits, and any realistic bit-flip probability. We first demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Lena Funcke , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen , Stefan Kühn , Paolo Stornati , Xiaoyang Wang

We study the status of fair sampling on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, in particular the IBM Q family of backends. Using the recently introduced Grover Mixer-QAOA algorithm for discrete optimization, we generate fair…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 John Golden , Andreas Bärtschi , Daniel O'Malley , Stephan Eidenbenz

We outline a proposal to test quantum mechanics in the high-complexity regime using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The procedure involves simulating a non-Clifford random circuit, followed by its inverse, and then checking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Kevin Slagle

Monitored quantum circuits offer great perspectives for exploring the interplay of quantum information and complex quantum dynamics. These systems could realize the extensively studied entanglement and purification phase transitions, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Moein N. Ivaki , Teemu Ojanen , Ali G. Moghaddam

Solving differential equations is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. Recently we proposed an efficient quantum algorithm for solving one-dimensional Poisson equation avoiding the need to perform quantum arithmetic…

Recently, there has been an emergence of useful applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices notably, though not exclusively, in the fields of quantum machine learning and variational quantum algorithms. In such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-26 Ellen Derbyshire , Rawad Mezher , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi

Quantum computers open the possibility of performing real-time calculations for quantum field theory scattering processes. We propose to use an index averaging the absolute value of the difference between the accurately calculated Trotter…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-10-18 Erik Gustafson , Patrick Dreher , Zheyue Hang , Yannick Meurice

Quantum field theory (QFT) simulations are a potentially important application for noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers. The ability of a quantum computer to emulate a QFT, therefore, constitutes a natural application-centric…

In the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology, the practical use of quantum computers remains inhibited by our inability to aptly decouple qubits from their environment to mitigate computational errors. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Thomas J. Maldonado , Johannes Flick , Stefan Krastanov , Alexey Galda

This paper addresses quantum circuit mapping for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Since NISQ computers constraint two-qubit operations on limited couplings, an input circuit must be transformed into an equivalent output…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-21 Toshinari Itoko , Rudy Raymond , Takashi Imamichi , Atsushi Matsuo

As the advances in quantum hardware bring us into the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, one possible task we can perform without quantum error correction using NISQ machines is the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) due to its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Zhenyu Cai

Superconducting qubits are leading candidates in the race to build a quantum computer capable of realizing computations beyond the reach of modern supercomputers. The superconducting qubit modality has been used to demonstrate prototype…

Quantum technologies available currently contain noise in general, often dubbed noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) systems. We here present the verification of noise in measurement readout errors in cloud-based quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Seungchan Seo , Joonwoo Bae

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) algorithms, which run on noisy quantum computers should be carefully designed to boost the output state fidelity. While several compilation approaches have been proposed to minimize circuit errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Vedika Saravanan , Samah Mohamed Saeed

The development of complex circuits for practical applications in the current quantum computing ecosystem is based on basic primitives such as Bell states, which provide superposition, entanglement, and coherence. The range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Hillol Biswas