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Conversational AI chatbots are transforming industries by streamlining customer service, automating transactions, and enhancing user engagement. However, evaluating these systems remains a challenge, particularly in financial services,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shailja Gupta , Rajesh Ranjan , Surya Narayan Singh

Open-domain dialog systems (also known as chatbots) have increasingly drawn attention in natural language processing. Some of the recent work aims at incorporating affect information into sequence-to-sequence neural dialog modeling, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yubo Xie , Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu

With the ongoing penetration of conversational user interfaces, a better understanding of social and emotional characteristic inherent to dialogue is required. Chatbots in particular face the challenge of conveying human-like behaviour…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Natascha Mariacher , Stephan Schlögl , Alexander Monz

University students often spend a considerable amount of time seeking answers to common questions from administrators or teachers. This can become tedious for both parties, leading to a need for a solution. In response, this paper proposes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Goitom Ybrah Hailu , Hadush Hailu , Shishay Welay

Conversational agents have made significant progress since ELIZA, expanding their role across various domains, including healthcare, education, and customer service. As these agents become increasingly integrated into daily human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Paulo Ricardo Knob , Leonardo Scholler , Juliano Rigatti , Soraia Raupp Musse

Chatbot has become an important solution to rapidly increasing customer care demands on social media in recent years. However, current work on chatbot for customer care ignores a key to impact user experience - tones. In this work, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Tianran Hu , Anbang Xu , Zhe Liu , Quanzeng You , Yufan Guo , Vibha Sinha , Jiebo Luo , Rama Akkiraju

Dialogue systems, also called chatbots, are now used in a wide range of applications. However, they still have some major weaknesses. One key weakness is that they are typically trained from manually-labeled data and/or written with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder

The research community has traditionally shown a keen interest in emotion modeling, with a notable emphasis on the detection aspect. In contrast, the exploration of emotion generation has received less attention.This study delves into an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Taseen Mubassira , Mehedi Hasan , A. B. M. Alim Al Iislam

Providing the best customer experience is one of the primary concerns for the firms that are based online. The advancement of machine learning is revolutionising the company's attitude towards the client through improving the service…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Rejwan Bin Sulaiman

Although chatbots have been very popular in recent years, they still have some serious weaknesses which limit the scope of their applications. One major weakness is that they cannot learn new knowledge during the conversation process, i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Sahisnu Mazumder , Nianzu Ma , Bing Liu

People increasingly turn to conversational agents such as ChatGPT to seek guidance for their personal problems. As these systems grow in capability, many now display elements of "thinking": short reflective statements that reveal a model's…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Samuel Rhys Cox , Jade Martin-Lise , Simo Hosio , Niels van Berkel

Empathy is often understood as the ability to share and understand another individual's state of mind or emotion. With the increasing use of chatbots in various domains, e.g., children seeking help with homework, individuals looking for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kristina Schaaff , Caroline Reinig , Tim Schlippe

Personalized chatbots focus on endowing chatbots with a consistent personality to behave like real users, give more informative responses, and further act as personal assistants. Existing personalized approaches tried to incorporate several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Zhengyi Ma , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Hanxun Zhong , Ji-Rong Wen

APIs are everywhere; they provide access to automation solutions that could help businesses automate some of their tasks. Unfortunately, they may not be accessible to the business users who need them but are not equipped with the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Siyu Huo , Kushal Mukherjee , Jayachandu Bandlamudi , Vatche Isahagian , Vinod Muthusamy , Yara Rizk

Conversational systems or chatbots are an example of AI-Infused Applications (AIIA). Chatbots are especially important as they are often the first interaction of clients with a business and are the entry point of a business into the AI…

Chatbots, the common moniker for collaborative assistants, are Artificial Intelligence (AI) software that enables people to naturally interact with them to get tasks done. Although chatbots have been studied since the dawn of AI, they have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Biplav Srivastava , Kausik Lakkaraju , Tarmo Koppel , Vignesh Narayanan , Ashish Kundu , Sachindra Joshi

Since the advent of chatbots in the commercial sector, they have been widely employed in the customer service department. Typically, these commercial chatbots are retrieval-based, so they are unable to respond to queries absent in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Safa Zaid , Aswah Malik , Kisa Fatima

Chatbot is a machine with the ability to answer automatically through a conversational interface. A chatbot is considered as one of the most exceptional and promising expressions of human computer interaction. Voice-based chatbots or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Sagina Athikkal , John Jenq

A chatbot's personality design is key to interaction quality. As chatbots evolved from rule-based systems to those powered by large language models (LLMs), evaluating the effectiveness of their personality design has become increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Huiqi Zou , Pengda Wang , Zihan Yan , Tianjun Sun , Ziang Xiao

Chatbots are one class of intelligent, conversational software agents activated by natural language input (which can be in the form of text, voice, or both). They provide conversational output in response, and if commanded, can sometimes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Nicole M. Radziwill , Morgan C. Benton