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Although ubiquitous in modern vehicles, Controller Area Networks (CANs) lack basic security properties and are easily exploitable. A rapidly growing field of CAN security research has emerged that seeks to detect intrusions on CANs.…

Modern vehicles may contain a considerable number of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) which are connected through various means of communication, with the CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol being the most widely used. However, several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Robert Buttigieg , Mario Farrugia , Clyde Meli

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in computer vision but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Among them, camouflage attacks manipulate an object's visible appearance to deceive detectors while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xiao Fang , Yiming Gong , Stanislav Panev , Celso de Melo , Shuowen Hu , Shayok Chakraborty , Fernando De la Torre

Connected vehicles are threatened by cyber-attacks as in-vehicle networks technologically approach (mobile) LANs with several wireless interconnects to the outside world. Malware that infiltrates a car today faces potential victims of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Philipp Meyer , Timo Häckel , Sandra Reider , Franz Korf , Thomas C. Schmidt

While emerging adaptive cruise control (ACC) technologies are making their way into more vehicles, they also expose a vulnerability to potential malicious cyberattacks. Previous research has typically focused on constant or stochastic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Shian Wang

Collaborative perception, which greatly enhances the sensing capability of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) by incorporating data from external resources, also brings forth potential security risks. CAVs' driving decisions rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Qingzhao Zhang , Shuowei Jin , Ruiyang Zhu , Jiachen Sun , Xumiao Zhang , Qi Alfred Chen , Z. Morley Mao

The automotive market is increasingly profitable for cyberattacks with the constant shift toward fully interconnected vehicles. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) installed on cars often operate in a critical and hostile environment. Hence,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Franco Oberti , Ernesto Sanchez , Alessandro Savino , Filippo Parisi , Stefano Di Carlo

CANs are a broadcast protocol for real-time communication of critical vehicle subsystems. Original equipment manufacturers of passenger vehicles hold secret their mappings of CAN data to vehicle signals, and these definitions vary according…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Miki E. Verma , Robert A. Bridges , Jordan J. Sosnowski , Samuel C. Hollifield , Michael D. Iannacone

Efficient key management for automotive networks (CAN) is a critical element, governing the adoption of security in the next generation of vehicles. A recent promising approach for dynamic key agreement between groups of nodes,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Shalabh Jain , Qian Wang , Md Tanvir Arafin , Jorge Guajardo

Safe overtaking manoeuvres in trucks are vital for preventing accidents and ensuring efficient traffic flow. Accurate prediction of such manoeuvres is essential for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to make timely and informed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Fernando Alonso-Fernandez , Talha Hanif Butt , Prayag Tiwari

While automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to revolutionize future transportation systems, emerging AV technologies open a door for malicious actors to compromise intelligent vehicles. As the first generation of AVs, adaptive cruise…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Shian Wang , Mingfeng Shang , Raphael Stern

In-vehicle network (IVN) is facing complex external cyber-attacks, especially the emerging masquerade attacks with extremely high difficulty of detection while serious damaging effects. In this paper, we propose the STATGRAPH, which is an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kai Wang , Qiguang Jiang , Bailing Wang , Yulei Wu , Hongke Zhang

The controller area network (CAN) is the most widely used intra-vehicular communication network in the automotive industry. Because of its simplicity in design, it lacks most of the requirements needed for a security-proven communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Riadul Islam , Rafi Ud Daula Refat , Sai Manikanta Yerram , Hafiz Malik

We propose a novel neural network architecture for detecting intrusions on the CAN bus. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is the standard communication method between the Electronic Control Units (ECUs) of automobiles. However, CAN lacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Markus Hanselmann , Thilo Strauss , Katharina Dormann , Holger Ulmer

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, essential for automotive embedded systems, lacks inherent security features, making it vulnerable to cyber threats, especially with the rise of autonomous vehicles. Traditional security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Franco Oberti , Stefano Di Carlo , Alessandro Savino

Connected cars are susceptible to cyberattacks. Security and safety of future vehicles highly depend on a holistic protection of automotive components, of which the time-sensitive backbone network takes a significant role. These onboard…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Philipp Meyer , Timo Häckel , Teresa Lübeck , Franz Korf , Thomas C. Schmidt

Radiological material transportation is primarily facilitated by heavy-duty on-road vehicles. Modern vehicles have dozens of electronic control units or ECUs, which are small, embedded computers that communicate with sensors and each other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Samuel C Hollifield , Pablo Moriano , William L Lambert , Joel Asiamah , Isaac Sikkema , Michael D Iannacone

This paper introduces a method for unsupervised tokenization of Controller Area Network (CAN) data payloads using bit level transition analysis and a greedy grouping strategy. The primary goal of this proposal is to extract individual time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Brent J. Stone , Scott Graham , Barry Mullins , Christine Schubert Kabban

The perception module in autonomous vehicles (AVs) relies heavily on deep learning-based models to detect and identify various objects in their surrounding environment. An AV traffic sign classification system is integral to this module,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 M Sabbir Salek , Shaozhi Li , Mashrur Chowdhury

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is a standard for in-vehicle communication but remains susceptible to cyber-attacks due to its lack of built-in security. This paper presents a multi-stage intrusion detection framework leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Robert Frenken , Sidra Ghayour Bhatti , Hanqin Zhang , Qadeer Ahmed