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In this paper, we consider the nonstationary matrix-valued time series with common stochastic trends. Unlike the traditional factor analysis which flattens matrix observations into vectors, we adopt a matrix factor model in order to fully…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-25 Degui Li , Yayi Yan , Qiwei Yao

Many existing mortality models follow the framework of classical factor models, such as the Lee-Carter model and its variants. Latent common factors in factor models are defined as time-related mortality indices (such as $\kappa_t$ in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-04 Lingyu He , Fei Huang , Jianjie Shi , Yanrong Yang

Modern time series forecasting methods, such as Transformer and its variants, have shown strong ability in sequential data modeling. To achieve high performance, they usually rely on redundant or unexplainable structures to model complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jingyi Hou , Zhen Dong , Jiayu Zhou , Zhijie Liu

We propose a two-step procedure to model and predict high-dimensional functional time series, where the number of function-valued time series $p$ is large in relation to the length of time series $n$. Our first step performs an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-04 Jinyuan Chang , Qin Fang , Xinghao Qiao , Qiwei Yao

This paper considers a structural-factor approach to modeling high-dimensional time series and space-time data by decomposing individual series into trend, seasonal, and irregular components. For ease in analyzing many time series, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-19 Zhaoxing Gao , Ruey S Tsay

We propose a dynamic multiplicative factor model for process data, which arise from complex problem-solving items, an emerging testing mode in large-scale educational assessment. The proposed model can be viewed as an extension of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-26 Fangyi Chen , Hok Kan Ling , Zhiliang Ying

This paper studies high-dimensional curve time series with common stochastic trends. A dual functional factor model structure is adopted with a high-dimensional factor model for the observed curve time series and a low-dimensional factor…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-16 Degui Li , Yu-Ning Li , Peter C. B. Phillips

The factor modeling for high-dimensional time series is powerful in discovering latent common components for dimension reduction and information extraction. Most available estimation methods can be divided into two categories: the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Xinghao Qiao , Zihan Wang , Qiwei Yao , Bo Zhang

Human mortality data sets can be expressed as multiway data arrays, the dimensions of which correspond to categories by which mortality rates are reported, such as age, sex, country and year. Regression models for such data typically assume…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-04-15 Bailey K. Fosdick , Peter D. Hoff

We consider estimation of large approximate factor models in high-dimensional panels of stationary time series using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We review the key results establishing the necessary and sufficient conditions for…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-13 Matteo Barigozzi

High-dimensional financial time series often exhibit complex dependence relations driven by both common market structures and latent connections among assets. To capture these characteristics, this paper proposes Factor-Driven Network…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Brendan Martin , Mihai Cucuringu , Alessandra Luati , Francesco Sanna Passino

Quantile Factor Models (QFM) represent a new class of factor models for high-dimensional panel data. Unlike Approximate Factor Models (AFM), where only location-shifting factors can be extracted, QFM also allow to recover unobserved factors…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-09-24 Liang Chen , Juan Jose Dolado , Jesus Gonzalo

In many longitudinal settings, time-varying covariates may not be measured at the same time as responses and are often prone to measurement error. Naive last-observation-carried-forward methods incur estimation biases, and existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-10 Xinyue Chang , Yehua Li , Yi Li

This article considers to model large-dimensional matrix time series by introducing a regression term to the matrix factor model. This is an extension of classic matrix factor model to incorporate the information of known factors or useful…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Yongchang Hui , Yuteng Zhang , Siting Huang

High-dimensional multivariate spatial-temporal data arise frequently in a wide range of applications; however, there are relatively few statistical methods that can simultaneously deal with spatial, temporal and variable-wise dependencies…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-05 Elynn Y. Chen , Xin Yun , Rong Chen , Qiwei Yao

We face the factor analysis problem using a particular class of auto-regressive processes. We propose an approximate moment matching approach to estimate the number of factors as well as the parameters of the model. This algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Francesca Crescente , Lucia Falconi , Federica Rozzi , Augusto Ferrante , Mattia Zorzi

In finance, economics and many other fields, observations in a matrix form are often observed over time. For example, many economic indicators are obtained in different countries over time. Various financial characteristics of many…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 Dong Wang , Xialu Liu , Rong Chen

This paper addresses the fundamental task of estimating covariance matrix functions for high-dimensional functional data/functional time series. We consider two functional factor structures encompassing either functional factors with scalar…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-28 Dong Li , Xinghao Qiao , Zihan Wang

High-dimensional matrix-variate time series data are becoming widely available in many scientific fields, such as economics, biology, and meteorology. To achieve significant dimension reduction while preserving the intrinsic matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Elynn Y. Chen , Ruey S. Tsay , Rong Chen

We present a new approach to factor rotation for functional data. This is achieved by rotating the functional principal components toward a predefined space of periodic functions designed to decompose the total variation into components…

Applications · Statistics 2012-07-02 Chong Liu , Surajit Ray , Giles Hooker , Mark Friedl