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This article proposes a methodology for the development of adaptive traffic signal controllers using reinforcement learning. Our methodology addresses the lack of standardization in the literature that renders the comparison of approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-26 Guilherme S. Varela , Pedro P. Santos , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

The suspension regulation is critical to the operation of medium-low-speed maglev trains (mlsMTs). Due to uncertain environment, strong disturbances and high nonlinearity of the system dynamics, this problem cannot be well solved by most of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Feiran Zhao , Keyou You , Shiji Song , Wenyue Zhang , Laisheng Tong

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a widely employed machine learning architecture that has been applied to a variety of control problems. However, applications in safety-critical domains require a systematic and formal approach to specifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hosein Hasanbeig , Daniel Kroening , Alessandro Abate

Reinforcement Learning is a highly active research field with promising advancements. In the field of autonomous driving, however, often very simple scenarios are being examined. Common approaches use non-interpretable control commands as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Daniel Bogdoll , Jing Qin , Moritz Nekolla , Ahmed Abouelazm , Tim Joseph , J. Marius Zöllner

We study risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL), a crucial field due to its ability to enhance decision-making in scenarios where it is essential to manage uncertainty and minimize potential adverse outcomes. Particularly, our work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Dake Zhang , Boxiang Lyu , Shuang Qiu , Mladen Kolar , Tong Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy that maximizes the expected return using a given static dataset of transitions. However, offline RL faces the distribution shift problem. The policy constraint offline RL method is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yuanhao Chen , Qi Liu , Pengbin Chen , Zhongjian Qiao , Yanjie Li

Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) has made remarkable progress, offering a promising avenue for improving generalization with synthetic model rollouts. Existing works primarily focus on incorporating pessimism for policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Yuanzhao Zhai , Yiying Li , Zijian Gao , Xudong Gong , Kele Xu , Dawei Feng , Ding Bo , Huaimin Wang

Off-policy Learning to Rank (LTR) aims to optimize a ranker from data collected by a deployed logging policy. However, existing off-policy learning to rank methods often make strong assumptions about how users generate the click data, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zeyu Zhang , Yi Su , Hui Yuan , Yiran Wu , Rishab Balasubramanian , Qingyun Wu , Huazheng Wang , Mengdi Wang

Cooperative control of groups of autonomous vehicles (AVs), i.e., platoons, is a promising direction to improving the efficiency of autonomous transportation systems. In this context, distributed co-optimization of both vehicle speed and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Samuel Mallick , Gianpietro Battocletti , Dimitris Boskos , Azita Dabiri , Bart De Schutter

We address eco-driving at roundabouts in mixed traffic to enhance traffic flow and traffic efficiency in urban areas. The aim is to proactively optimize speed of automated or non-automated connected vehicles (CVs), ensuring both an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Anna-Lena Schlamp , Werner Huber , Stefanie Schmidtner

Reinforcement learning (RL) in the real world necessitates the development of procedures that enable agents to explore without causing harm to themselves or others. The most successful solutions to the problem of safe RL leverage offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Alexander Quessy , Thomas Richardson , Sebastian East

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently a reactive method, operating under the assumption that it starts with no prior knowledge of the system and entirely depends on trial-and-error for learning. This approach faces several…

This paper proposes an eco-driving framework for electric connected vehicles (CVs) based on reinforcement learning (RL) to improve vehicle energy efficiency at signalized intersections. The vehicle agent is specified by integrating the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Xia Jiang , Jian Zhang , Dan Li

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines a sample-efficient learning paradigm, where a policy is learned from static and previously collected datasets without additional interaction with the environment. The major obstacle to offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yunfan Zhou , Xijun Li , Qingyu Qu

Traffic congestion and collisions represent significant economic, environmental, and social challenges worldwide. Traditional traffic management approaches have shown limited success in addressing these complex, dynamic problems. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mira Nuthakki

In this work, we present a novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm for the off-road trajectory tracking problem. Off-road environments involve varying terrain types and elevations, and it is difficult to model the interaction dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Akhil Nagariya , Dileep Kalathil , Srikanth Saripalli

Many applications -- including power systems, robotics, and economics -- involve a dynamical system interacting with a stochastic and hard-to-model environment. We adopt a reinforcement learning approach to control such systems.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Abed AlRahman Al Makdah , Oliver Kosut , Lalitha Sankar , Shaofeng Zou

This paper presents an empirical study of reset-free reinforcement learning (RL) for real-world agile driving, in which a physical 1/10-scale vehicle learns continuously on a slippery indoor track without manual resets. High-speed driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kohei Honda , Hirotaka Hosogaya

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) can model complex sequential decision-making problems under stochastic and uncertain environments. A main reason hindering their broad adoption in real-world applications is the lack…

Advanced vehicle control is a fundamental building block in the development of autonomous driving systems. Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to achieve control performance superior to classical approaches while keeping computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Bernd Frauenknecht , Tobias Ehlgen , Sebastian Trimpe