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The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has significantly increased the electricity, water, and carbon demands of modern data centers, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluates the environmental footprint of AI server…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aadi Patel , Nikhil Mahalingam , Rusheen Patel

Energy efficiency has become a growing concern in software development, leading to the need for tools designed to measure energy consumption. While several energy measurement tools are available as open-source projects, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Manuela Bechara Cannizza , Michel Albonico

With the growing availability of large-scale datasets, and the popularization of affordable storage and computational capabilities, the energy consumed by AI is becoming a growing concern. To address this issue, in recent years, studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Roberto Verdecchia , Luís Cruz , June Sallou , Michelle Lin , James Wickenden , Estelle Hotellier

Cloud computing has become a critical infrastructure for modern society, like electric power grids and roads. As the backbone of the modern economy, it offers subscription-based computing services anytime, anywhere, on a pay-as-you-go…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Rajkumar Buyya , Shashikant Ilager , Patricia Arroba

Data centers have emerged as promising resources for demand response, particularly for emergency demand response (EDR), which saves the power grid from incurring blackouts during emergency situations. However, currently, data centers…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-29 Niangjun Chen , Xiaoqi Ren , Shaolei Ren , Adam Wierman

In recent years, efficient energy utilization becomes an essential requirement for data centers, especially in data centers of world-leading companies, where "Green Data Center" defines a new term for an environment-concerned data center.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-06-01 Supasate Choochaisri , Vit Niennattrakul , Saran Jenjaturong , Chalermek Intanagonwiwat , Chotirat Ann Ratanamahatana

Although cloud computing has been transformational to the IT industry, it is built on large data centres that often consume massive amounts of electrical power. Efforts have been made to reduce the energy clouds consume, with certain data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-08-28 Francois Rossigneux , Jean-Patrick Gelas , Laurent Lefevre , Marcos Dias de Assuncao

Computing systems are consuming an increasing and unsustainable fraction of society's energy footprint, notably in data centers. Meanwhile, energy-efficient software engineering techniques are often absent from undergraduate curricula. We…

In this paper, a solution for sustainable cloud system is proposed and then implemented on a real testbed. The solution composes of optimization of a profit model and introduction of virtual carbon tax to limit environmental footprint of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Fereydoun Farrahi Moghaddam , Mohamed Cheriet

Cloud computing, thanks to the pervasiveness of information technologies, provides a foundational environment for developing IT applications, offering organizations virtually unlimited and flexible computing resources on a pay-per-use…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Han Wang , Sukhpal Singh Gill , Steve Uhlig

Data centers have become a popular computing platform for various applications, and they account for nearly 2% of total US energy consumption. Therefore, it has become important to optimize data center power, and reduce their energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Sai Santosh Dayapule , Kathy Nguyen , Gregory Kahl , Suresh Subramaniam , Guru Venkataramani

Energy consumption of Cloud data centers has been a major concern of many researchers, and one of the reasons for huge energy consumption of Clouds lies in the inefficient utilization of computing resources. Besides energy consumption,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Minxian Xu , Adel Nadjaran Toosi , Rajkumar Buyya

The modern datacenter's computing capabilities have far outstripped the applications running within and have become a hidden cost of doing business due to how software is architected and deployed. Resources are over-allocated to monolithic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Aos Mulahuwaish , Shane Korbel , Basheer Qolomany

The ICT industry today is placed as one of the major consumers of energy, where recent reports have also shown that the industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions. While renewable energy-aware data centers have been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Julien Mineraud , Liang Wang , Sasitharan Balasubramaniam , Jussi Kangasharju

Coal power plants will need to be phased out and face stranded asset risks under the net-zero energy system transition. Repurposing coal power plants could recoup profits and reduce carbon emissions using the existing infrastructure and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Yifu Ding , Serena Patel , Dharik Mallapragada , Robert James Stoner

The end of Moore's Law and Dennard scaling has fundamentally changed the economics of computer architecture. With transistor scaling delivering diminishing returns, architectural innovation is now the primary - and perhaps only - remaining…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Karthikeyan Sankaralingam

Accurate reporting of energy and carbon usage is essential for understanding the potential climate impacts of machine learning research. We introduce a framework that makes this easier by providing a simple interface for tracking realtime…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Peter Henderson , Jieru Hu , Joshua Romoff , Emma Brunskill , Dan Jurafsky , Joelle Pineau

The advent of digital computing in the 1950s sparked a revolution in the science of weather and climate. Meteorology, long based on extrapolating patterns in space and time, gave way to computational methods in a decade of advances in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-04-14 V. Balaji

The environmental sustainability of Information Technology (IT) has emerged as a critical concern, driven by the need to reduce both energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the context of cloud-native applications deployed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Andrea D'Iapico , Monica Vitali

Reducing the environmental impact of cloud computing requires efficient workload distribution across geographically dispersed Data Center Clusters (DCCs) and simultaneously optimizing liquid and air (HVAC) cooling with time shift of…