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Macroscopic behavior such as the lack of interference patterns has been attributed to "decoherence", a word with several possible definitions such as (1) the loss of off-diagonal density matrix elements, (2) the flow of information to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Patrick J. Coles

Complexity is a multi-faceted phenomenon, involving a variety of features including disorder, nonlinearity, and self-organisation. We use a recently developed rigorous framework for complexity to understand measures of complexity. We…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-09-22 Karoline Wiesner , James Ladyman

The normalisation of the matter power spectrum, sigma_8, is an essential ingredient to predict the phenomenology of the low redshift universe. It has been measured using several methods, such as X-ray cluster counts, weak lensing and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Amara , A. Refregier

We introduce an index based on information theory to quantify the stationarity of a stochastic process.The index compares on the one hand the information contained in the increment at the time scale $\tau$ of the process at time $t$ with,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-12-02 Carlos Granero-Belinchon , Stéphane G. Roux , Nicolas B. Garnier

Complexity of patterns is a key information for human brain to differ objects of about the same size and shape. Like other innate human senses, the complexity perception cannot be easily quantified. We propose a transparent and universal…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2020-12-30 Andrey A. Bagrov , Ilia A. Iakovlev , Askar A. Iliasov , Mikhail I. Katsnelson , Vladimir V. Mazurenko

The distinctiveness of image regions is widely used as the cue of saliency. Generally, the distinctiveness is computed according to the absolute difference of features. However, according to the image quality assessment (IQA) studies, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Yang Li , Xuanqin Mou

The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-07 Bertúlio de Lima Bernardo

The interference observed for a quanton, traversing more than one path, is believed to characterize its wave nature. Conventionally, the sharpness of interference has been quantified by its visibility or contrast, as defined in optics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-21 Tabish Qureshi

The clustering amplitude of galaxies depends on their intrinsic luminosity. We compare the properties of publicly available galaxy formation models with clustering measurements from the two-degree field galaxy redshift survey. The model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Han Seek Kim , C. M. Baugh , S. Cole , C. S. Frenk , A. J. Benson

Photonic crystals are characterized by a spatial modulation of the dielectric constant on the length scale of the wavelength of light giving rise to energy ranges where light cannot propagate through the crystal - the photonic band gap.…

The modern definition of optical coherence highlights a frequency dependent function based on a matrix of spectra and cross-spectra. Due to general properties of matrices, such a function is invariant in changes of basis. In this article,…

Optics · Physics 2016-03-09 Bernard Lacaze

A new theoretical technique for understanding, analyzing and developing optical systems is presented. The approach is statistical in nature, where information about an object under investigation is discovered, by examining deviations from a…

Optics · Physics 2016-09-20 Damien P. Kelly

In the standard picture of structure formation, initially random-phase fluctuations are amplified by non-linear gravitational instability to produce a final distribution of mass which is highly non-Gaussian and has highly coupled Fourier…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Peter Coles , Lung-Yih Chiang

In this paper we propose numerical measures for evaluating the aesthetic interest of simple patterns. The patterns consist of elements (symbols, pixels, etc.) in regular square arrays. The measures depend on two characteristics of the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2011-08-30 Allen Klinger , Nikos A. Salingaros

A new index for internal evaluation of clustering is introduced. The index is defined as a mixture of two sub-indices. The first sub-index $ I_a $ is called the Ambiguous Index; the second sub-index $ I_s $ is called the Similarity Index.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Gangli Liu

Graininess noise is a common artifact in inkjet printing. While current inkjet printing technologies attempt to control graininess in single color images, the results are often less than optimal for multi-color images. This is due to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-19 Qiulin Chen , Palghat Ramesh , Chu-heng Liu , Jan P. Allebach

The concordance probability or C-index is a popular measure to capture the discriminatory ability of a regression model. In this article, the definition of this measure is adapted to the specific needs of the frequency and severity model,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Robin Van Oirbeek , Christopher Grumiau , Tim Verdonck

Coherence is a basic phenomenon in quantum mechanics and considered to be an essential resource in quantum information processing. Although the quantification of coherence has attracted a lot of interest, the lack of efficient methods to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Xiao-Dong Yu , Otfried Gühne

Measuring inequalities in a multidimensional framework is a challenging problem which is common to most field of science and engineering. Nevertheless, despite the enormous amount of researches illustrating the fields of application of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-19 Giuseppe Toscani

Image quality is a nebulous concept with different meanings to different people. To quantify image quality a relative difference is typically calculated between a corrupted image and a ground truth image. But what metric should we use for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-12 J. Kaczmar-Michalska , N. R. Hajizadeh , A. J. Rzepiela , S. F. Nørrelykke