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Macroscopic behavior such as the lack of interference patterns has been attributed to "decoherence", a word with several possible definitions such as (1) the loss of off-diagonal density matrix elements, (2) the flow of information to the…
Complexity is a multi-faceted phenomenon, involving a variety of features including disorder, nonlinearity, and self-organisation. We use a recently developed rigorous framework for complexity to understand measures of complexity. We…
The normalisation of the matter power spectrum, sigma_8, is an essential ingredient to predict the phenomenology of the low redshift universe. It has been measured using several methods, such as X-ray cluster counts, weak lensing and the…
We introduce an index based on information theory to quantify the stationarity of a stochastic process.The index compares on the one hand the information contained in the increment at the time scale $\tau$ of the process at time $t$ with,…
Complexity of patterns is a key information for human brain to differ objects of about the same size and shape. Like other innate human senses, the complexity perception cannot be easily quantified. We propose a transparent and universal…
The distinctiveness of image regions is widely used as the cue of saliency. Generally, the distinctiveness is computed according to the absolute difference of features. However, according to the image quality assessment (IQA) studies, the…
The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…
The interference observed for a quanton, traversing more than one path, is believed to characterize its wave nature. Conventionally, the sharpness of interference has been quantified by its visibility or contrast, as defined in optics.…
The clustering amplitude of galaxies depends on their intrinsic luminosity. We compare the properties of publicly available galaxy formation models with clustering measurements from the two-degree field galaxy redshift survey. The model…
Photonic crystals are characterized by a spatial modulation of the dielectric constant on the length scale of the wavelength of light giving rise to energy ranges where light cannot propagate through the crystal - the photonic band gap.…
The modern definition of optical coherence highlights a frequency dependent function based on a matrix of spectra and cross-spectra. Due to general properties of matrices, such a function is invariant in changes of basis. In this article,…
A new theoretical technique for understanding, analyzing and developing optical systems is presented. The approach is statistical in nature, where information about an object under investigation is discovered, by examining deviations from a…
In the standard picture of structure formation, initially random-phase fluctuations are amplified by non-linear gravitational instability to produce a final distribution of mass which is highly non-Gaussian and has highly coupled Fourier…
In this paper we propose numerical measures for evaluating the aesthetic interest of simple patterns. The patterns consist of elements (symbols, pixels, etc.) in regular square arrays. The measures depend on two characteristics of the…
A new index for internal evaluation of clustering is introduced. The index is defined as a mixture of two sub-indices. The first sub-index $ I_a $ is called the Ambiguous Index; the second sub-index $ I_s $ is called the Similarity Index.…
Graininess noise is a common artifact in inkjet printing. While current inkjet printing technologies attempt to control graininess in single color images, the results are often less than optimal for multi-color images. This is due to…
The concordance probability or C-index is a popular measure to capture the discriminatory ability of a regression model. In this article, the definition of this measure is adapted to the specific needs of the frequency and severity model,…
Coherence is a basic phenomenon in quantum mechanics and considered to be an essential resource in quantum information processing. Although the quantification of coherence has attracted a lot of interest, the lack of efficient methods to…
Measuring inequalities in a multidimensional framework is a challenging problem which is common to most field of science and engineering. Nevertheless, despite the enormous amount of researches illustrating the fields of application of…
Image quality is a nebulous concept with different meanings to different people. To quantify image quality a relative difference is typically calculated between a corrupted image and a ground truth image. But what metric should we use for…