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Byte-pair encoding (BPE) is a ubiquitous algorithm in the subword tokenization process of language models as it provides multiple benefits. However, this process is solely based on pre-training data statistics, making it hard for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Gustavo Aguilar , Bryan McCann , Tong Niu , Nazneen Rajani , Nitish Keskar , Thamar Solorio

Pipeline parallelism is widely used to scale the training of transformer-based large language models, various works have been done to improve its throughput and memory footprint. In this paper, we address a frequently overlooked issue: the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Man Tsung Yeung , Penghui Qi , Min Lin , Xinyi Wan

Tokenization is a crucial step in information retrieval, especially for lexical matching algorithms, where the quality of indexable tokens directly impacts the effectiveness of a retrieval system. Since different languages have unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Odunayo Ogundepo , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin

Multilingual speakers often switch between languages to express themselves on social communication platforms. Sometimes, the original script of the language is preserved, while using a common script for all the languages is quite popular as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Soumil Mandal , Dipankar Das

Speech recognition and other natural language tasks have long benefited from voting-based algorithms as a method to aggregate outputs from several systems to achieve a higher accuracy than any of the individual systems. Diarization, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Andreas Stolcke , Takuya Yoshioka

The goal of speech separation is to extract multiple speech sources from a single microphone recording. Recently, with the advancement of deep learning and availability of large datasets, speech separation has been formulated as a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-17 Midia Yousefi , John H. L. Hansen

This paper introduces and motivates the use of hybrid robust feature extraction technique for spoken language identification (LID) system. The speech recognizers use a parametric form of a signal to get the most important distinguishable…

Sound · Computer Science 2010-03-31 Pawan Kumar , Astik Biswas , A . N. Mishra , Mahesh Chandra

Programmers make rich use of natural language in the source code they write through identifiers and comments. Source code identifiers are selected from a pool of tokens which are strongly related to the meaning, naming conventions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Vadim Markovtsev , Waren Long , Egor Bulychev , Romain Keramitas , Konstantin Slavnov , Gabor Markowski

This study investigates the impact of morphological typology on tokenization and language modeling performance. We focus on languages with synthetic and analytical morphological structures and examine their productivity when tokenized using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Iñigo Parra

The popularity of applying machine learning methods to computational linguistics problems has produced a large supply of trainable natural language processing systems. Most problems of interest have an array of off-the-shelf products or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-31 John C. Henderson

While high-level languages come with significant readability and maintainability benefits, their performance remains difficult to predict. For example, programmers may unknowingly use language features inappropriately, which cause their…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Leif Andersen , Vincent St-Amour , Jan Vitek , Matthias Felleisen

We propose a novel approach for spoofed speech characterization through explainable probabilistic attribute embeddings. In contrast to high-dimensional raw embeddings extracted from a spoofing countermeasure (CM) whose dimensions are not…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Manasi Chhibber , Jagabandhu Mishra , Hyejin Shim , Tomi H. Kinnunen

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success with the growing model size. LLMs' size grows by $240\times$ every two years, which outpaces the hardware progress and makes model inference increasingly costly.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Cong Guo , Jiaming Tang , Weiming Hu , Jingwen Leng , Chen Zhang , Fan Yang , Yunxin Liu , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

While cross-lingual word embeddings have been studied extensively in recent years, the qualitative differences between the different algorithms remain vague. We observe that whether or not an algorithm uses a particular feature set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Omer Levy , Anders Søgaard , Yoav Goldberg

The challenge of open-vocabulary recognition lies in the model has no clue of new categories it is applied to. Existing works have proposed different methods to embed category cues into the model, \eg, through few-shot fine-tuning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zehong Ma , Shiliang Zhang , Longhui Wei , Qi Tian

Many recent models in software engineering introduced deep neural models based on the Transformer architecture or use transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) trained on code. Although these models achieve the state of the arts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Rishab Sharma , Fuxiang Chen , Fatemeh Fard , David Lo

Recent prompt optimisation approaches use the generative nature of language models to produce prompts -- even rivaling the performance of human-curated prompts. In this paper, we demonstrate that randomly sampling tokens from the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yao Lu , Jiayi Wang , Raphael Tang , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

Out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words can pose serious challenges for machine translation (MT) tasks, and in particular, for low-resource language (LRL) pairs, i.e., language pairs for which few or no parallel corpora exist. Our work adapts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Saurav Jha , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Anil Kumar Singh

Sequence-to-sequence models have recently become very popular for tackling handwritten word recognition problems. However, how to effectively integrate an external language model into such recognizer is still a challenging problem. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Lei Kang , Pau Riba , Mauricio Villegas , Alicia Fornés , Marçal Rusiñol

Many platforms for benchmarking optimization algorithms offer users the possibility of sharing their experimental data with the purpose of promoting reproducible and reusable research. However, different platforms use different data models…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Ana Kostovska , Diederick Vermetten , Carola Doerr , Sašo Džeroski , Panče Panov , Tome Eftimov