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We address the problem of safely learning controlled stochastic dynamics from discrete-time trajectory observations, ensuring system trajectories remain within predefined safe regions during both training and deployment. Safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Luc Brogat-Motte , Alessandro Rudi , Riccardo Bonalli

Reinforcement learning has been established over the past decade as an effective tool to find optimal control policies for dynamical systems, with recent focus on approaches that guarantee safety during the learning and/or execution phases.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-06 S M Nahid Mahmud , Scott A Nivison , Zachary I. Bell , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

This paper addresses learning safe output feedback control laws from partial observations of expert demonstrations. We assume that a model of the system dynamics and a state estimator are available along with corresponding error bounds,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Lars Lindemann , Alexander Robey , Lejun Jiang , Satyajeet Das , Stephen Tu , Nikolai Matni

Certifying safety in dynamical systems is crucial, but barrier certificates - widely used to verify that system trajectories remain within a safe region - typically require explicit system models. When dynamics are unknown, data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Robert Lefringhausen , Sami Leon Noel Aziz Hanna , Elias August , Sandra Hirche

Control barrier functions (CBFs) provide a powerful tool for enforcing safety constraints in control systems, but their direct application to complex, high-dimensional dynamics is often challenging. In many settings, safety certificates are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Nikolaos Bousias , Charalampia Stamouli , Anastasios Tsiamis , George Pappas

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) that solves constraint-satisfactory policies provides a promising way to the broader safety-critical applications of RL in real-world problems such as robotics. Among all safe RL approaches, model-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Dongjie Yu , Wenjun Zou , Yujie Yang , Haitong Ma , Shengbo Eben Li , Jingliang Duan , Jianyu Chen

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is a powerful method for enabling robots to perform novel tasks as it is often more tractable for a non-roboticist end-user to demonstrate the desired skill and for the robot to efficiently learn from the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Yue Yang , Letian Chen , Matthew Gombolay

We consider the problem of verifying safety for continuous-time dynamical systems. Developing upon recent advancements in data-driven verification, we use only a finite number of sampled trajectories to learn a barrier certificate, namely a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Luke Rickard , Alessandro Abate , Kostas Margellos

We develop a control algorithm that ensures the safety, in terms of confinement in a set, of a system with unknown, 2nd-order nonlinear dynamics. The algorithm establishes novel connections between data-driven and robust, nonlinear control.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 Christos K. Verginis , Franck Djeumou , Ufuk Topcu

Safety stands as the primary obstacle preventing the widespread adoption of learning-based robotic systems in our daily lives. While reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise as an effective robot learning paradigm, conventional RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maeva Guerrier , Karthik Soma , Hassan Fouad , Giovanni Beltrame

In this paper, we develop a method for learning a control policy guaranteed to satisfy an affine state constraint of high relative degree in closed loop with a black-box system. Previous reinforcement learning (RL) approaches to satisfy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Kartik Nagpal , Negar Mehr

To provide safety guarantees for learning-based control systems, recent work has developed formal verification methods to apply after training ends. However, if the trained policy does not meet the specifications, or there is conservatism…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-24 Puja Chaudhury , Alexander Estornell , Michael Everett

This work is concerned with synthesizing safety controllers for discrete-time nonlinear systems beyond polynomials with unknown mathematical models using the notion of k-inductive control barrier certificates (k-CBCs). Conventional CBC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-11 Ben Wooding , Abolfazl Lavaei

Reinforcement learning (RL) is capable of sophisticated motion planning and control for robots in uncertain environments. However, state-of-the-art deep RL approaches typically lack safety guarantees, especially when the robot and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Mahmoud Selim , Amr Alanwar , Shreyas Kousik , Grace Gao , Marco Pavone , Karl H. Johansson

The most data-efficient algorithms for reinforcement learning (RL) in robotics are based on uncertain dynamical models: after each episode, they first learn a dynamical model of the robot, then they use an optimization algorithm to find a…

In the trial-and-error mechanism of reinforcement learning (RL), a notorious contradiction arises when we expect to learn a safe policy: how to learn a safe policy without enough data and prior model about the dangerous region? Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Haitong Ma , Changliu Liu , Shengbo Eben Li , Sifa Zheng , Wenchao Sun , Jianyu Chen

Robust control barrier functions (CBFs) provide a principled mechanism for smooth safety enforcement under worst-case disturbances. However, existing approaches typically rely on explicit, closed-form structure in the dynamics (e.g.,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Donggeon David Oh , Duy P. Nguyen , Haimin Hu , Jaime Fernández Fisac

This paper introduces a method of identifying a maximal set of safe strategies from data for stochastic systems with unknown dynamics using barrier certificates. The first step is learning the dynamics of the system via Gaussian process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Rayan Mazouz , John Skovbekk , Frederik Baymler Mathiesen , Eric Frew , Luca Laurenti , Morteza Lahijanian

This paper proposes an on-policy reinforcement learning (RL) control algorithm that solves the optimal regulation problem for a class of uncertain continuous-time nonlinear systems under user-defined state constraints. We formulate the safe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Soutrik Bandyopadhyay , Shubhendu Bhasin

Safe autonomy is a critical requirement and a key enabler for robots to operate safely in unstructured complex environments. Control barrier functions and safe motion corridors are two widely used but technically distinct safety methods,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ömür Arslan , Nikolay Atanasov