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The BGK model is a relaxation-time approximation of the celebrated Boltzmann equation, and the Marle model is a direct extension of the BGK model in a relativistic framework. In this paper, we introduce the Marle model for polyatomic gases…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Byung-Hoon Hwang

The BGK model has been widely used in place of the Boltzmann equation because of the qualitatively satisfactory results it provides at relatively low computational cost. There is, however, a major drawback to the BGK model: The hydrodynamic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-07-14 Seok-Bae Yun

A novel hybrid algorithm is presented for the Boltzmann-BGK equation, in which a low-rank decomposition is applied solely in the velocity subspace, while a full-rank representation is maintained in the physical (position) space. This…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Andres Galindo-Olarte , Joseph Nakao , Mirjeta Pasha , Jing-Mei Qiu , William Taitano

Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation is a relaxation model of the Boltzmann equation which is widely used in place of the Boltzmann equation for the simulation of various kinetic flow problems. In this work, we study the asymptotic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-26 Gi-Chan Bae , Gyounghun Ko , Donghyun Lee , Seok-Bae Yun

A simplified relativistic kinetic theory for gases with internal degrees of freedom, based on a BGK-type collision term, is considered. First the Boltzmann equation is rewritten in tetrad form and then thermal coefficients are determined to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Philip Semrén , Michael Bradley , João M. S. Oliveira , M. Piedade Machado Ramos

We study the dynamics defined by the Boltzmann equation set in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^D$ in the vicinity of global Maxwellians with finite mass. A global Maxwellian is a special solution of the Boltzmann equation for which the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-08-25 Claude Bardos , Irene M. Gamba , François Golse , C. David Levermore

Within the framework of the homogeneous non-linear Boltzmann equation, we present a new analytic method, without the intrinsic limitations of existing methods, for obtaining asymptotic solutions. This method permits extension of existing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. H. Ernst , E. Trizac , A. Barrat

In this paper, we propose a new semi-Lagrangian scheme for the polyatomic ellipsoidal BGK model. In order to avoid time step restrictions coming from convection term and small Knudsen number, we combine a semi-Lagrangian approach for the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Sebastiano Boscarino , Seung-Yeon Cho , Giovanni Russo , Seok-Bae Yun

We study the Boltzmann equation in a smooth bounded domain featuring a mixed boundary condition. Specifically, gas particles experience specular reflection in two parallel plates, while diffusive reflection occurs in the remaining portion…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Hongxu Chen , Renjun Duan

In this paper we have applied a Semi-Lagrangian schemes with meshfree interpolation, based on a Moving Least Squares (MLS) method, to solve the BGK model for rarefied gas dynamics. Sod's shock tube problems are presented for a large range…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-20 Sudarshan Tiwari , Axel Klar , Giovanni Russo

A new lattice Boltzmann model for multicomponent ideal gas mixtures is presented. The model development consists of two parts. First, a new kinetic model for Stefan- Maxwell diffusion amongst the species is proposed and realized as a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-23 N. Sawant , B. Dorschner , I. V. Karlin

In this paper, we present an energy method for the system of Boltzmann equations in the multicomponent mixture case, based on a micro-macro decomposition. More precisely, the perturbation of a solution to the Boltzmann equation around a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-05-24 Laurent Boudin , Bérénice Grec , Milana Pavić-Čolić , Srboljub Simić

This note is devoted to a simple method for proving hypocoercivity of the solutions of a kinetic equation involving a linear time relaxation operator, i.e. the construction of an adapted Lyapunov functional satisfying a Gronwall-type…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-12-07 Jean Dolbeault , Clément Mouhot , Christian Schmeiser

A multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) is proposed for multicomponent mixtures, where compressible, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects are taken into account. It allows the specific heat ratio and the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-20 Chuandong Lin , Kai H. Luo , Aiguo Xu , Yanbiao Gan , Huilin Lai

Despite the development of an extensive toolbox of multi-scale rarefied flow simulators, such simulations remain challenging due to the significant disparity of collisional and macroscopic spatio-temporal scales. Our study offers a novel…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-08-17 Marcel Pfeiffer , Félix Garmirian , M. Hossein Gorji

This paper establishes the global well-posedness of the multi-species Boltzmann equation with large-amplitude initial data in the periodic domain $\mathbb{T}^3$. In contrast to the single-species case, the multi-species mixture model lacks…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Gyounghun Ko , Myeong-Su Lee , Sung-Jun Son

In the article, correct method for the kinetic Boltzmann equation asymptotic solution is formulated, the Hilbert method and the Enskog error are considered. The equations system of multi-component nonequilibrium gas-dynamics is derived,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-05-12 Sergey A. Serov , Svetlana S. Serova

The non-equilibrium gas dynamics is described by the Boltzmann equation, which can be solved numerically through the deterministic and stochastic methods. Due to the complicated collision term of the Boltzmann equation, many kinetic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Xiaocong Xu , Yipei Chen , Kun Xu

In this work, we propose a class of high order semi-Lagrangian scheme for a general consistent BGK model for inert gas mixtures. The proposed scheme not only fulfills indifferentiability principle, but also asymptotic preserving property,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-07 Seung Yeon Cho , Sebastiano Boscarino , Maria Groppi , Giovanni Russo

The Borgnakke-Larsen model, widely used in rarefied flow predictions, serves as the mainstream energy-exchange kernel for polyatomic gases. However, it lacks integrability and does not guarantee detailed balance, limiting theoretical…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Sha Liu , Ningchao Ding , Ming Fang , Hao Jin , Rui Zhang , Congshan Zhuo , Chengwen Zhong