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In this paper, we have introduced a fundamentally different approach, based on a bottom-up methodology, to expand tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes into Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes and Bi-adjoint-scalar (BAS) amplitudes. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Chang Hu , Kang Zhou

Tree-level scattering amplitudes of particles have a geometrical description in terms of intersection numbers of pairs of twisted differential forms on the moduli space of Riemann spheres with punctures. We customize a catalog of twisted…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-26 Pouria Mazloumi , Stephan Stieberger

In our recent works, a new approach for constructing tree amplitudes, based on exploiting soft behaviors, was proposed. In this paper, we extend this approach to effective theories for gluons which incorporate higher-derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou , Chang Hu

We attempt to systematically derive tree-level scattering amplitudes in four-dimensional, planar, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory from integrability. We first review the connections between integrable spin chains, Yangian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-15 Nils Kanning , Matthias Staudacher

The maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four-dimensional Minkowski space is an exceptional model of mathematical physics. Even more so in the planar limit, where the theory is believed to be integrable. In particular, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-16 Nils Kanning

We present a world-sheet formula for all tree level scattering amplitudes, in all trace sectors, of four dimensional $\mathcal{N} \leq 4$ supersymmetric Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, based on the refined scattering equations. This generalizes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-13 Kai A. Roehrig

Motivated by the problem of expanding single-trace tree-level amplitude of Einstein-Yang-Mills theory to the BCJ basis of Yang-Mills amplitudes, we present an alternative expansion formula in the gauge invariant vector space. Starting from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Bo Feng , Xiao-Di Li , Rijun Huang

We elaborate the two-fold simplex-like structures of tree amplitudes in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills (N=4 SYM), through its connection to a mathematical structure known as the positive Grassmannian. Exploiting the reduced…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Junjie Rao

The existence of interacting higher-spin theories is tightly constrained by many no-go theorems. In this paper, we construct a chiral, higher-spin generalization of Yang-Mills theory in flat space which avoids these no-go theorems and has…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-11 Tim Adamo , Tung Tran

Pure Yang-Mills amplitudes with all external gluons carrying positive helicity, known as all-plus amplitudes, have an especially simple structure. The tree amplitudes vanish and, up to at least two loops, the loop-level amplitudes are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-21 Gustav Mogull

In this paper, we give the general expressions for a special series of tree amplitudes of the Yang-Mills theory. This series of amplitudes have two adjacent massless spin-1 particles with extra-dimensional momenta and any number of positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-08 Yang An , Yi Li

Tree-level scattering amplitudes for gravitons, gluons and Goldstone particles in any dimensions are strongly constrained by basic principles, and they are intimately related to each other via various relations. We study two types of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-25 Jin Dong , Song He , Linghui Hou

We demonstrate that the tree level amplitudes and the explicit formulas of soft factors can be uniquely determined by soft theorems and the universality of soft factors. By imposing the soft theorems and the universality, as well as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou

The recently-developed "scalar-scaffolding" formulation of gluon amplitudes casts the Yang-Mills (YM) amplitude as a well-defined Laurent series expansion in scalar variables, valid for any spacetime dimension and helicity configuration. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Jeffrey V. Backus

We show that every twist of pure supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group GL(N) can be realized as an open-string field theory in topological string theory. Our approach reinterprets twists of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-24 Philsang Yoo

We investigate the Yangian symmetry of scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory and show that its formulations in twistor and momentum twistor space can be interchanged. In particular we show that the full symmetry can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-09-09 J. M. Drummond , L. Ferro

Some time ago the general tree-level scattering amplitudes of N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory were expressed as certain Grassmannian contour integrals. These remarkable formulas allow to clearly expose the super-conformal, dual super-conformal,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Matthias Staudacher

The scattering equations provide a powerful framework for the study of scattering amplitudes in a variety of theories. Their derivation from ambitwistor string theory led to proposals for formulae at one loop on a torus for 10 dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-20 Yvonne Geyer , Lionel Mason , Ricardo Monteiro , Piotr Tourkine

I study constraints on fundamental physics emerging from consistency of a unitary, local and perturbative $S$-matrix in $4d$. For massless particles, some new constraints arising from consistent complex factorisation of $2\rightarrow 2$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Timothy Trott

Tree level multi-trace Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes have been shown to satisfy a recursive expansion formula, which expresses any YMS amplitude by those with fewer gluons and/or scalar traces. In an earlier work, the single-trace…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Yi-Jian Du , Kang Zhou