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We give a combinatorial characterization of generic minimally rigid reflection frameworks. The main new idea is to study a pair of direction networks on the same graph such that one admits faithful realizations and the other has only…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-03-13 Justin Malestein , Louis Theran

For minimally rigid graphs, the same edge-length data can admit multiple realizations (up to translations and rotations). Finding graphs with exceptionally many realizations is an extremal problem in rigidity theory, but exhaustive search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Oleksandr Slyvka , Jan Rubeš , Rodrigo Alves , Jan Legerský

A rigidity theory is developed for the Euclidean and non-Euclidean placements of countably infinite simple graphs in R^d with respect to the classical l^p norms, for d>1 and 1<p<\infty. Generalisations are obtained for the Laman and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-08 D. Kitson , S. C. Power

A graph is called (generically) rigid in $\mathbb{R}^d$ if, for any choice of sufficiently generic edge lengths, it can be embedded in $\mathbb{R}^d$ in a finite number of distinct ways, modulo rigid transformations. Here we deal with the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-01-26 Ioannis Z. Emiris , Ioannis Psarros

An important problem that commonly arises in areas such as internet traffic-flow analysis, phylogenetics and electrical circuit design, is to find a representation of any given metric $D$ on a finite set by an edge-weighted graph, such that…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-12-23 Sven Herrmann , Vincent Moulton , Andreas Spillner

This paper addresses the problem of constructing bearing rigid networks in arbitrary dimensions. We first show that the bearing rigidity of a network is a generic property that is critically determined by the underlying graph of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Shiyu Zhao , Zhiyong Sun , Daniel Zelazo , Minh-Hoang Trinh , Hyo-Sung Ahn

A graph is $d$-rigid if for any generic realisation of the graph in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (equivalently, the $d$-dimensional sphere $\mathbb{S}^d$), there are only finitely many non-congruent realisations in the same space with the same edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger

A realization of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a map $v\colon V\to\Bbb R^d$ that assigns to each vertex a point in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. We study graph realizations from the perspective of representation theory (expressing certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Martin Winter

Rigidity, arising in discrete geometry, is the property of a structure that does not flex. Laman provides a combinatorial characterization of rigid graphs in the Euclidean plane, and thus rigid graphs in the Euclidean plane have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-14 Xiaofeng Gu

We revisit the concept of minimal rigidity as applied to soft repulsive, frictionless sphere packings in two-dimensions with the introduction of the jamming graph. Minimal rigidity is a purely combinatorial property encoded via Laman's…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-16 Jorge H. Lopez , L. Cao , J. M. Schwarz

The planar rigidity problem asks, given a set of m pairwise distances among a set P of n unknown points, whether it is possible to reconstruct P, up to a finite set of possibilities (modulo rigid motions of the plane). The celebrated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-05 Louis Theran

The study of (minimally) rigid graphs is motivated by numerous applications, mostly in robotics and bioinformatics. A major open problem concerns the number of embeddings of such graphs, up to rigid motions, in Euclidean space. We capture…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2009-08-27 Ioannis Z. Emiris , Elias P. Tsigaridas , Antonios Varvitsiotis

A foundational theorem of Laman provides a counting characterisation of the finite simple graphs whose generic bar-joint frameworks in two dimensions are infinitesimally rigid. Recently a Laman-type characterisation was obtained for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-06-10 Anthony Nixon , John Owen , Stephen Power

Determining the number of embeddings of Laman graph frameworks is an open problem which corresponds to understanding the solutions of the resulting systems of equations. In this paper we investigate the bounds which can be obtained from the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-03-13 Reinhard Steffens , Thorsten Theobald

A 1-planar graph is a graph which has a drawing on the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once. If a 1-planar graph is drawn in that way, the drawing is called a {\it 1-plane graph}. A graph is maximal 1-plane (or 1-planar) if no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Zhangdong Ouyang , Yuanqiu Huang , Licheng Zhang , Fengming Dong

Determining the number of (complex) realisations of a rigid graph for a specific choice of edge lengths is a fundamental problem in discrete geometry. In this article we provide two new tools for determining realisation numbers in arbitrary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Sean Dewar , Anthony Nixon , Ben Smith

In this paper we study the rank of planar rigidity matrix of 4-valent graphs, both in case of generic realizations and configurations in general position, under various connectivity assumptions on the graphs. For each case considered, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-16 Shisen Luo

Given a rigid realisation of a graph $G$ in ${\mathbb R}^2$, it is an open problem to determine the maximum number of pairwise non-congruent realisations which have the same edge lengths as the given realisation. This problem can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

We prove that a planar graph is generically rigid in the plane if and only if it can be embedded as a pseudo-triangulation. This generalizes the main result of math.CO/0307347 which treats the minimally generically rigid case. The proof…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-24 David Orden , Francisco Santos , Brigitte Servatius , Herman Servatius

A graph with n vertices is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that each edge is crossed at most once, and is optimal if it has the maximum of 4n-8 edges. We show that optimal 1-planar graphs can be recognized in linear time. Our…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Franz J. Brandenburg